Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may improve myelin integrity.

Recent clinical trials have revealed that cholinergic treatments are efficacious in a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders that span the entire human lifespan and include disorders without cholinergic deficits. Furthermore, some clinical and epidemiological data suggest that cholinergic treatments have disease modifying/preventive effects. It is proposed that these observations can be usefully understood in a myelin-centered model of the human brain. The model proposes that the human brain's extensive myelination is the central evolutionary change that defines our uniqueness as a species and our unique vulnerability to highly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders. Within the framework of this model the clinical, biochemical, and epidemiologic data can be reinterpreted to suggest that nonsynaptic effects of cholinergic treatments on the process of myelination and myelin repair contributes to their mechanism of action and especially to their disease modifying/preventive effects. The ability to test the model in human populations with safe and noninvasive imaging technologies makes it possible to undertake novel clinical trial efforts directed at primary prevention of some of the most prevalent and devastating of human disorders.     

The treatment of boils and carbuncles

An incipient boil should be treated early by radiotherapy, which usually aborts the lesion with prompt relief of discomfort and expedites involution without suppuration and without scarring, or by ultraviolet light, one treatment often proving effective. A localized and inactive boil should be freely incised, followed by distance radiation with ultraviolet light to hasten healing. In recurrent and chronic types confined to localized areas, fractional unfiltered or filtered roentgen rays are recommended, with generalized ultraviolet light baths for tonic effects.In the superficial type of carbuncle either roentgen or ultraviolet therapy causes prompt relief of pain, rapid regression and evacuation of pus. In the deep type, incision is generally the preferable method, supplemented by local and general actinotherapy.     

Cervical lesions of branchial origin

A brief review of the developmental background of the lateral cervical sinuses, fistulas, cysts and auricles has been presented. In all likelihood they are of branchial cleft origin. Surgical excision is the recommended treatment as shown in the cases described.     

The relational underpinnings of quality internal auditing in medical clinics in Israel

Internal auditing is a key mechanism in enhancing organizational reliability. However, research on the ways quality internal auditing is enabled through learning, deterrence, motivation and process improvement is scant. In particular, the relational underpinnings of internal auditing have been understudied. This study attempts to address this need by examining how organizational trust, perceived organizational support and psychological safety enable internal auditing. Data collected from employees in medical clinics of one of the largest healthcare organizations in Israel at two points in time six months apart. Our results show that organizational trust and perceived organizational support are positively related to psychological safety (measured at time 1), which, in turn, is associated with internal auditing (measured at time 2).     

Mechanical Testing of Seven Fixation Methods for Generation of Compression Across a Midtarsal Osteotomy: A Comparison of Internal and External Fixation Devices

The purpose of this study was to assess 7 methods of fixation for a midtarsal osteotomy. Polyurethane foam models (N = 6) and cadaver specimens (N = 4-7) were used to examine the force generated by the different constructs of fixation. A midtarsal osteotomy was performed on each specimen in the test groups. The osteotomies were fixated either with 2 parallel 0.062-in Kirschner wires and 40-mm-long, 4-mm partially threaded, cancellous, cannulated titanium screws, an external ring fixator (frame), a frame with wires tensioned (tension), a frame with wires tensioned and compressed toward the osteotomy (tension and compression), a frame with tension, compression, and parallel Kirschner wires, or a frame with tension, compression, and two 4.0 cannulated parallel screws, respectively. Each model was fixated, and the force generated by the construct across the osteotomy was recorded via the use of pressure-sensitive film. Statistical analysis of the data in the polyurethane foam group determined that the use of frame with tension, compression, and two 4.0 parallel cannulated screws was statistically superior to 1) frame, 2) frame with tension, 3) 2 parallel Kirschner wires, 4) two 4.0 cannulated parallel screws, and 5) frame with tension and compression. A cadaver study determined that the frame with tension, compression, and 2 parallel Kirschner wires was statistically superior to 1) frame and 2) two parallel Kirschner wires. These findings suggest that there is a difference in the force generated by the type of fixation construct across a midtarsal osteotomy.