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71.
Susan Miesfeldt Christine Hayden Netta Apedoe Sharon Jerome Andrea Fletcher 《Journal of community health》2010,35(2):109-114
Over 800 Maine residents will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) this year, and nearly 300 will die from the disease.
While CRC screening can reduce these rates, it is only among insured populations that screening rates exceed 50%. This project
aimed to reduce barriers to, and increase rates of CRC screening among underinsured and uninsured women, ages 50 years and
over, residing in Cumberland County, Maine. The existing network of the Maine Breast and Cervical Health Program (MBCHP) was
used to reach the target population. A packet containing (1) an offer for no-cost fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening
and CRC-related educational materials, and (2) a stamped, addressed postcard specifying the woman’s interest in these resources,
was mailed to 300 MBCHP enrollees residing in Cumberland County. Women requesting screening were contacted by phone to further
determine eligibility. Ninety-three women (31%) requested FOBT kits and 29 of these women requested educational materials.
Ten women were ineligible for screening because of previous colonoscopy. Fifty-two completed FOBT kits (63%) were returned;
all were negative. An additional 42 (14%) women requested educational materials only. To reduce the burden of CRC in Maine
and nationally, disparate populations must be reached with efficient and effective screening services. Established networks
are proven means for reaching uninsured and underinsured individuals with education, screening services, and necessary follow-up
care. This project serves as a model for the future development of similar programs statewide and nationally. 相似文献
72.
Anastomotic leaks following oesophageal cancer resection have a high mortality. Stents have an established position in the
palliation of dysphagia due to malignancy and in treating malignant perforation or fistula. They are increasingly used for
benign conditions such as spontaneous oesophageal perforation with encouraging results. In this systematic review we examine
the available evidence and attempt to define the role of stents in the management of oesophageal anastomotic leaks after resection
for cancer. It is evident from the review that plastic- and metal-covered stents are an effective strategy for the treatment
of anastomotic leaks. Vigilance is required as complications such as stent migration and incomplete sealing are not uncommon.
Further clinical studies with greater methodological rigor in terms of sample size and study design may confirm that stents
have an important contribution to make in the management of oesophageal anastomotic leak. 相似文献
73.
74.
A patient with Type I hypoplastic patterned amelogenesis imperfecta, subtype D, presented for prosthodontic evaluation. This article describes the developmental and pathophysiological background of this disease. A clinical report describing the diagnosis, treatment planning, and dental rehabilitation of the patient is reviewed. 相似文献
75.
The antiviral activity of zinc salts against rhinovirus types 1A and 39 was assayed by yield reduction and inhibition of cytopathic effect in cell culture. The findings indicate that the zinc salts tested have low in vitro therapeutic indices and suggest that the possible beneficial effects of zinc lozenges in reducing cold symptoms may not be related to selective antirhinovirus activity. 相似文献
76.
Summary The MCF-7 cell S9 fraction and whole MCF-7 cells can mediate one-electron-redox cycling of doxorubicin, giving rise to concomitant oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), formation of a drug semiquinone free radical, consumption of molecular oxygen and formation of superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Doxorubicin redox cycling was consistent with DNA strand breakage and cell kill in MCF-7 cells. In contrast, no evidence for redox cycling was found for mitoxantrone (MIT), CI941 or ametantrone (AMET) in MCF-7 cells. Despite the absence of redox cycling, the CI941, MIT, and AMET concentrations resulting in 50% mortality (LC50; 1.5×10–10, 5.2×10–9 and 1.2×10–6
m, respectively) of MCF-7 cells were lower than that of DOX (3.0×10–6
m). Furthermore, the higher cytotoxicity of MIT and CI941 as compared with AMET or DOX was associated with greater efficiency in inducing DNA strand breakage in MCF-7 cells as determined by alkaline elution. Sine MIT and CI941 proved to be the most potent DNA-damaging and cytotoxic agents in this study, the ability of DOX to undergo redox cycling does not appear to confer increased cytotoxic potential on this agent. The present study revealed several important aspects with regards to the structural modification of anthraquinone antitumour agents. Firstly, the C1 and C4 postitioning of the hydroxyethylamino side chains on MIT, CI941 and AMET is associated with a lack of flavin reductase-mediated activation of these agents. Secondly, the possession of a C5 or C8 aromatic hydroxyl group appears to be intimately involved in the enhanced DNA strand breakage and cytotoxic potency of MIT and CI941, since AMET does not possess these groups. These findings indicate that future development of quinone antitumour agents should concentrate on compounds that do not undergo redox cycling but do possess aromatic hydroxyl groups, since the latter appear to be responsible for the enhanced cytotoxicity of MIT and CI941.Abbreviations DOX
doxorubicin
- MIT
mitoxantrone
- AMET
ametantrone
- SOD
superoxide dismutase
- DMPO
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide
- ESR
electron spin resonance
- SSF
strand scission factor
This work was funded by the Cancer Research Campaign (UK) 相似文献
77.
78.
Anin vitro electrophysiological study of the colon from patients with idiopathic chronic constipation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Charles H. V. Hoyle BSc PhD Michael A. Kamm MD John E. Lennard-Jones MD Geoffrey Burnstock PhD DSc 《Clinical autonomic research》1992,2(5):327-333
Preparations of the circular muscle layer from the sigmoid colon resected from patients with idiopathic chronic constipation were compared, at an electrophysiological level using the sucrose-gap technique, with preparations of the same region of the intestine resected from patients with rectal carcinoma. Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory neuromuscular transmission, represented by inhibitory junction potentials, was present in preparations from both groups. However, the inhibitory response in preparations from constipated patients had a slower or longer time-course than in those from cancer patients. Also, rebound activity following inhibitory transmission was observed in 34% of preparations from constipated patients but was observed in 67% of preparations from cancer patients. Preparations from both groups displayed the same patterns of spontaneous activity and the same proportion of each group was quiescent. The threshold for generation of action potentials and the passive resistance of the smooth muscle membrane were the same in both groups. However, quiescent preparations from constipated patients were less likely to discharge trains of action potentials when the smooth muscle membrane was depolarized than were preparations from cancer patients. These changes in transmission processes and excitability in tissue from constipated patients are discussed in relation to altered states of colonic motility found in people with idiopathic chronic constipation. 相似文献
79.
PURPOSE: Men have a lower uptake of genetic services than women; however, the specific needs and preferences of men at risk of genetic conditions other than hereditary breast ovarian cancer are not known. We ascertain the information preferences of men with a family history of prostate cancer. METHODS: Unaffected men and their partners were administered a written questionnaire. RESULTS: Responses were received from 280 men (response rate: 59.2%) and 174 partners (response rate: 74%). Most men (59.6%) reported having insufficient information about their risk and wanted further information about personal risk (93.2%) and risk management (93.6%). Strikingly, 56.3% preferred to receive information related only to positive outcomes. Urologists were the preferred source of information, but there was considerable interest in a multidisciplinary service approach significantly associated with the number of affected relatives (odds ratio = 1.94, P < .002). Partners' level of concern was not associated with interest in multidisciplinary services, satisfaction with information, or support received. CONCLUSIONS: Delivering services to men at risk will require a multifaceted approach by primary care providers and specialists. Challenges include meeting men's expectations in the face of uncertain medical knowledge, engaging those at high risk in multidisciplinary services, and delivering tailored information to those at lower risk. 相似文献
80.