De Novo Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognized clinico-pathologic entity typically associated with obesity, type II diabetes and hyperlipidemia. It has been noted to recur after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We report four patients who developed de novo NAFLD within 3 months of OLT without the typical predisposing factors of diabetes mellitus or obesity. Three of the four patients underwent OLT for hepatitis C-related cirrhosis, and the other for alcoholic cirrhosis. Examination of the liver explants revealed no evidence of steatosis. No surreptitious alcohol use or a drug-induced process could be identified in these patients. Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C infection in one patient with interferon and ribavirin led to sustained suppression of the viral RNA to undetectable levels, but no improvement in histology or liver enzymes. All four patients had histologic evidence of preservation injury on the initial post-OLT biopsies, but the significance of this finding in relationship to the development of NAFLD is unknown. NAFLD can develop without any of the known predisposing conditions after transplantation, and this raises further questions about the pathogenesis of this condition .     

Undernutrition in the Nursing Home: Prevalence, Consequences, Causes and Prevention

Approximately 5% of Americans over age 65, or 1.5 million individuals, currently reside in the nations's 20,000 nursing homes. The authors present material that lead to three conclusions about this population. First, nutritional deficiencies are common underlying causes of adverse clinical outcomes. Second, nutritional deficiencies are frequently not recognized. Third, opportunities for preventing or correcting undernutrition exist, provided that the significant and reversible nature of the nutrient deficiencies are identified.     

Human lymphocyte antigens (HLA) and Graves' disease in Turkey

To evaluate the association of HLA types with Turkish patients with Graves' disease, HLA typing, clinical findings, and thyroid antibodies were correlated. The HLA types, clinical findings (ophthalmopathy and age at onset), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TRAb) and antithyroid microsomal antibodies (MAb) were analyzed. Seventy Turkish patients with Graves' disease and 306 control subjects were assessed. Serological HLA typing was performed in HLA A, B, C, DR, and DQ loci. There was a significantly increased prevalence of HLA B8, B49, DR3, DR4, and DR10 in Graves' disease. The association of Graves' disease with HLA DR3 was found to be less strong than previously described. The HLA DR4 antigen may contribute to the predisposition of Graves' disease in Turkey. The results suggest that HLA B7, B13, DR7, DQw2, and DQw3 may confer a protective effect for Graves' disease in Turkey. Patients carrying HLA B12, B18, and B44 haplotypes had a tendency to develop the disease at a later age. The difference from the other studies may be the result of the selection of the controls; in part, of the variability in serological typing reagents; and, also, of the rather weak HLA associations with the disease.This study was presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the National Endocrinology and Diabetes Association, Bursa, Turkey, May 25–28, 1992.     

国内外大学生艾滋病研究热点与前沿趋势

目的 使用文献计量学对国内外大学生艾滋病相关研究进行对比分析,旨在推动未来国内该领域的发展。方法 通过中国知网（CNKI）与Web of Science核心合集检索得1986—2021年国内外大学艾滋病研究的相关文献,借助VOSviewer及R软件对纳入研究的发表时间、作者及单位分布、热点内容与前沿趋势进行剖析。结果 国外相较国内研究起步较早,国内外总体发文量均呈上升趋势,美国占据相关领域英文研究的主导地位。《中国艾滋病性病》（257篇）与J AM COLL HEALTH（46篇）分别是载文最多的中英文杂志,各研究团体间的合作尚不够紧密。中文研究侧重不同教育方式于艾滋病防控的探索,英文研究则更关注于该群体“酒精使用”、“物质滥用”与“心理”等话题,防艾生活技能及暴露前预防（PrEP）等或成为未来研究趋势。结论 刊载大学生艾滋病的期刊类型较多,而高发文量期刊数较少且作者及机构间的合作有待加强,国内应给予该群体物质滥用及心理等方面更多关注,同时今后要加强对艾滋病监测与防艾生活技能方面的训练。     

1985—2014年新疆维吾尔自治区中小学学生肺活量的动态分析

目的 对新疆21 095名7～18岁学生1985—2014年间肺活量指标进行动态分析,揭示其变化规律及特征,对今后该地区进一步提高中小学生体质健康水平提供依据。方法 通过1985年、1995年、2005年、2014年四次中国学生体质与健康调研测试数据,对新疆7～18岁学生肺活量数据变化趋势进行分析。结果 1985—2014年间,新疆7～18岁学生肺活量呈现明显下降趋势,男女生分别平均下降491.4ml和553.5ml。城乡差距依然存在,1985年城乡差异最大分别出现在男生18岁（△=512.0ml、t =17.02、P＜0.001）和女生14岁（△=275.0ml、t =4.82、P＜0.001）,2014年城乡差异最大分别出现在男生14岁（△=219.7ml、t =3.92、P＜0.001）和女生13岁（△=272.6ml、t =4.67、p ＜0.001）,整体上乡村学生肺活量好于城市。大多数年龄段城乡差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05)。结论 30年间,新疆学生肺活量指标下降较明显,女生下降比男生严重。应尽快采取措施提升新疆学生肺活量水平,促进体质健康水平全面发展。     

区域互联网医院建设与运营服务思考

全民健康信息化进入新阶段,结合卫生健康行业现状的梳理及政策走向,积极探索利用新兴信息技术引领医疗服务模式的变革。本研究提出区域互联网医院建设的概念界定、主要建设内容,以及建设运营和服务模式。旨在通过区域卫生专网和5G移动网络,利用最新信息技术成果,创建并利用区域互联网医院建设,优化配置医疗资源,缓解三级医院服务压力,提高基层医疗机构服务能力,通过信息技术引领医疗服务模式转型,解决医改过程中的诸多堵点问题。     

关节假体周围感染患者血清学指标未达诊断阈值的影响因素分析

目的探讨关节假体周围感染(periprosthetic joint infection,PJI)患者血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)不符合2011版美国肌肉骨骼感染协会(Musculoskeletal Infection Society,MSIS)诊断标准的影响因素。方法2011年12月至2019年12月因PJI住院治疗的患者328例,男152例、女176例,年龄(62.10±13.74)岁(范围24~87岁);膝关节172例(52.4%),髋关节151例(46.0%),肘关节4例(1.2%),肩关节1例(0.3%)。所有患者均于术前或应用抗生素前行CRP和ESR检测,PJI的诊断采用2011版MSIS诊断标准:CRP≥10 mg/L且ESR≥30 mm/1 h。将患者根据Tsukayama分型、病原体类型及免疫状态等进行分组,比较不同组别患者CRP和ESR不符合MSIS标准(即未达诊断阈值)的发生率。结果119例(36.3%,119/328)CRP或ESR实测值不符合MSIS诊断标准。Tsukayama分型组间不符合率的差异无统计学意义(χ^2=7.224,P=0.065);培养结果阴性组不符合率为46.4%,高于培养阳性组的27.4%(χ^2=12.276,P<0.001);免疫A级组不符合率为42.9%,高于免疫B级组的30.6%和C级组的23.8%(χ^2=6.586,P=0.037)。Logistic回归分析结果提示,培养结果阳性患者发生不符合标准的风险是培养阴性患者的0.420倍(P=0.001);免疫B级患者出现不符合标准现象的风险是免疫A级患者的0.578倍(P=0.040)。结论免疫状态好及培养结果阴性的PJI患者更容易出现血清学指标未达诊断阈值的现象,诊断时应特别注意综合其他指标,以防漏诊。     

完全腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加体内改良回肠通道术的学习效果分析

目的分析术者对完全腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除(LRC)+改良回肠通道术(MIC)的学习效果。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院2014年4月至2019年10月42例接受完全LRC+MIC患者的临床资料。男34例,女8例;年龄(63.4±9.1)岁。其中术者1行34例手术,术者2行8例。将术者1的34例按时间顺序分为3组,第1~12例为A组,第13~23例为B组,第24~34例为C组;术者2实施的8例为D组。4组中有腹部手术史者分别为0、1、4、3例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);4组年龄、体质指数、美国麻醉医师协会评分等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。改良术式的重要步骤包括光源透射下离断肠系膜、输出袢固定的条件下行输尿管-输出袢反流性对端吻合、缝合后腹膜缺口。比较各组患者手术时间、构建回肠通道时间、出血量、并发症发生比例、淋巴结清扫数量、切缘阳性比例等重要手术指标。结果各组手术均顺利完成,均无中转开放手术。A~C组手术时间分别为330.0(320.0,360.0)、300.0(250.0,308.0)、270.0(216.0,324.0)min,差异有统计学意义(P=0.010);3组构建回肠通道时间分别为136.5(131.3,147.5)、92.0(79.0,119.0)、79.0(72.0,115.0)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。手术时间和构建回肠通道时间组间两两比较,A、B组,A、C组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组出血量[200.0(125.0,300.0)、100.0(100.0,150.0)、200.0(100.0,400.0)ml]、并发症发生比例[4/12、4/11、3/11]、淋巴结清扫数量[(19.0±10.7)、(16.0±9.8)、(23.3±8.5)枚]、切缘阳性比例(1/12、1/11、2/11)的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D组手术时间420.0(350.0,450.0)min,与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。D组出血量200.0(112.5,350.0)ml,并发症发生比例2/8,淋巴结清扫数量(13.8±7.1)个,切缘阳性比例1/8,与A组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论完全LRC+MIC学习效果明显,随着手术例数的增加,手术时间及构建回肠通道时间显著下降;该术式具有较好的可重复性和安全性。     

Clinical significance of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate myocardial uptake: association with carcinoma of the prostate

Benign myocardial uptake of technetium-99m labelled phosphates, not related to cardiac or metabolic disorders, has been documented except in the case of^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of myocardial uptake and its possible association with malignant tumours in general and prostatic carcinoma in particular. We reviewed bone scintigrams performed with either^99mTc-hydroxydiphosphonate (HDP) or^99mTc-MDP over a period of more than 2 years for all patients with prostatic carcinoma and a matching group of patients suffering from other malignant and non-malignant disorders. A total of 965 scintigrams of 812 patients (males=559, females=253; age range 50–91 years, average age 69.2 years) were reviewed. Increased myocardial uptake was detected in 19 scintigrams (MDP=13, HDP=6) of 18 patients (17 males, one female). Most of the male patients with increased myocardial uptake had prostatic carcinoma (13/17) and were over 80 years of age (12/17). All patients were free of any cardiac or noncardiac disorder that might account for such uptake. When scintigraphy was repeated in the same patient, the uptake of^99mTc-HDP was more diffuse and of higher grade than that of^99mTc-MDP Benign myocardial uptake of^99mTc-MDP is more common than previously thought. Although uptake of radiophosphates is attributed to asymptomatic atherosclerotic changes associated with old age, a strong association with prostatic carcinoma exists which may indicate variations in the bone: soft tissue affinity of different MDP complexes.     

维药库吾提艾拉口服液的提取工艺研究

目的研究维药库吾提艾拉口服液的提取工艺。方法以淫羊藿苷的含量为指标,采用L9(34)正交试验设计优选维药库吾提艾拉口服液的最佳提取工艺条件。结果优选得到的最佳提取工艺为A3B2C2,即加14倍量水,总煎煮时间3小时,醇沉浓度75%。结论优选得到的工艺稳定可行。