本科方剂学课程改革跨学年二段教学的探讨

方剂学二段式教学改革是指将方剂学课程设为方剂学I和方剂学Ⅱ两个部分,分别于第三学期和第七学期两个不同阶段实施。通过4年多的实践,我们在方剂学二段课程的编制思路、课程教学内容的实施要点及选用合适教材等方面都取得了一定经验,也使方剂学教学改革初见成效。     

三硝基苯磺酸诱导Balb/c小鼠结肠炎的实验研究

目的建立三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)小鼠结肠炎模型。方法采用不同剂量的TNBS给♀Balb/c小鼠灌肠后制备结肠炎模型。观察动物的存活率、疾病活动度指数、结肠肉眼观和组织学变化,并检测结肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活力及小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖情况。结果随着TNBS剂量的提高,模型组小鼠存活率下降。存活的多数小鼠疾病活动度指数及MPO活力升高,病理切片显示结肠固有层及粘膜下层有大量淋巴细胞、单核巨噬细胞以及中性白细胞浸润,伴有肠腺扭曲、减少,杯状细胞丢失,隐窝脓肿,血管增生,肠壁增厚等病理改变,表明均建立了慢性结肠炎模型。结论每只小鼠给予1.5mgTNBS灌肠,动物死亡较少,并能够成功制备小鼠结肠炎模型。     

小柴胡汤合煎液与分煎合液对LPS诱导大鼠发热模型的影响

目的:观察小柴胡汤的解热作用,并比较小柴胡汤合煎液与分煎合液的药效。方法:建立SD大鼠LPS(20、80μg/kg)发热模型,绘制各组平均体温变化曲线,比较最大体温上升高度(△T)。结果及结论:小柴胡汤分煎合液与合煎液对两个剂量的LPS导致的大鼠发热均有显著的解热作用(P相似文献   

柴芩合煎液与分煎液对LPS诱导的大鼠发热模型的影响

柴胡、黄芩是古方小柴胡汤“和解少阳”的核心药对。本实验通过观察柴．芩合煎液(CQHJ)与分煎液(CQFJ)(剂量为10g／kg)对20μg/kg和80μg／kg LPS诱导的大鼠发热模型的影响，考察了它们的解热作用。结果发现，CQHJ与CQFJ对不同剂量的LPS诱导的大鼠发热均有显著的解热作用；但CQHJ与CQFJ在起效时间和作用效度上有所区别，总体上以CQHJ更具优势。     

关于"同证异方、同方异证"的思考

从方药因素和证的因素角度对“同证异方、同方异证”的现象进行了探讨。认为“方证相对”与实际存在着的“同证异方、同方异证’’现象相悖。而“方证相关”在逻辑上蕴含着“同证异方、同方异证”的现象，体现了“方证相关”理论具有高度的逻辑概括性和广泛的实用性。     

胸腔镜辅助下前路手术治疗胸椎肿瘤

目的：探讨在胸腔镜辅助下行胸椎转移性肿瘤前路手术切除的方法及效果。方法：在胸腔镜辅助下对11例胸椎转移瘤患者行病椎切除及椎体重建术，术前神经功能ASIA分级A级1例，C级6例，D级4例。7例行病椎切除及钢板骨水泥椎体重建术；4例行病椎切除、钢板骨水泥椎体重建及内固定术。结果：手术均获成功，术中肿瘤切除满意，术后影像学显示内固定固定确切。随访4～14个月，平均8个月，胸背痛均完全消失．术后神经功能除1例A级无恢复外，其余均明显恢复；1例冈肿瘤脑转移4个月死亡，其余患者存活8个月以上．其中1例乳腺癌术后多椎体转移患者手术后14个月随访时仍存活。结论：在胸腔镜辅助下行胸椎转移肿瘤切除椎体重建术安全、有效，可提高患者的生活质量。     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向肾小管上皮样细胞分化

Objective To investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to renal tubular epithelial-like cells under different conditions. Methods MSCs were obtained from rat marrow. MSCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation and plastic adherence and then purified. Surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. The purified MSCs of the third passage were cultured respectively as follows: (1) control group: DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum(FBS). (2) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA and ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate. (3)combination group: DMEM medium with FBS, ATRA, ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). After 7 days, the MSCs were collected for alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining, cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin immunocytochemical analysis. Results The positive rates of the third passage MSCs in CD44, CD90 and CD29 were 97.8%±0.9%, 96.8%±1.4% and 97.6%±2.4%,respectively, but in CD11b/c and CD34 were only 13.2%±0.6% and 1.2%±0.5%. The MSCs in control group were spindle. The MSCs in ATRA group were round and elliptic. The MSCs in combination group became cobblestone-like cells after 7 days. AKP staining showed that tubular epithelial-like cells from MSCs in control group were negative, some above cells in ATRA group were positive and number of above cells increased in combination group. Compared with negative control group, the ratios of cytokeratin-18 positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increassed by 29.47%±1.08% and 47.52%±2.13% (all P<0.05), the ratios of E-cadherin positive cells in ATRA group and combination group were respectively increased by 14.88%±2.46% and 36.15%±1.13% (all P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs may differentiate by renal tubular epithelial-like cells under the induction of ischemic reperfusion-injured kidney tissue homogenate and ATRA in vitro, which are further differentiated under the combined induction of EGF and BMP-7.     

关于"以方测证"方法的思考

依据辨证论治的经验和“方证相关”的原理,对“以方测证”的应用及其逻辑合理性进行讨论并提出质疑,指出由于方效与病证内涵的不确定性、方剂的多效性以及缺乏排他性设计等原因,利用“以方测证”方法建立中医证候动物模型的手段还存在方法学上的严重缺陷。全面和深入认识方证关系及其内涵是中医方证研究领域的一个重要课题。     

龙胆泻肝汤配伍减毒的化学研究

目的探讨含关木通的龙胆泻肝汤及其相关配伍制剂的减毒机制.方法采用HPLC法测定关木通及龙胆泻肝汤相关配伍制剂中马兜铃酸A含量.结果关木通甲醇提取液;关木通水提取液;龙胆泻肝汤;去除当归、生地、甘草的龙胆泻肝汤中马兜铃酸A含量分别为0.193 6,0.062 7,0.032 4,0.045 4 mg·mL-1.结论龙胆泻肝汤全方中马兜铃酸A含量明显低于单味关木通和去除当归、生地、甘草的龙胆泻肝汤方,提示龙胆泻肝汤全方相对较低的肾毒性与其水提过程中马兜铃酸A溶出减少有关,方中佐使药味当归、生地、甘草的配伍可能起重要作用.     

肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠甲状腺轴的变化及柴疏四君汤的作用观察

目的：探查中医肝郁脾虚证甲状腺轴的变化及柴胡疏肝散合四君子汤方（简称柴疏四君汤）的作用。方法：大鼠采用慢性束缚应激＋过度疲劳＋饮食失节法建立肝郁脾虚证模型，测定造模3周、自然恢复1周及柴疏四君汤治疗1周后大鼠血清TSH、T3、T4的变化。结果：与正常对照组相比，造模第3周大鼠血清TSH显著降低（P〈0．01），T3显著降低（P〈0．05），T4显著升高（P〈0．01）；自然恢复1周后模型大鼠血清TSH仍显著降低（P〈0．05），T3和T4均显著降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；与模型恢复组比较，柴疏四君汤组大鼠血清TSH、T3、T4均显著升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠存在下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能的紊乱，柴疏四君汤具有纠正或调节肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠甲状腺轴功能紊乱的作用。