年龄对正常人视乳头结构的影响

目的 用HRT-Ⅱ系统测量我国不同年龄正常成人视乳头结构参数,探讨年龄对视乳头结构的影响.方法 选取2004～2007年在中山眼科中心就诊的正常人156例(20～80岁),20～40岁55例,41～60岁53例,61岁以上48例;各年龄段男女比例1∶1.随机选取一眼进行HRT-Ⅱ检查,获得视乳头地形图总体和局部参数.用单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析、回归分析探讨年龄对视乳头结构总体和局部参数的影响.结果 年龄与视乳头总体平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度(mRNFL)、视网膜神经纤维层截面面积(RNFLA)的相关性有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).年龄对最大视杯深度(MxCD)、视乳头轮廓线高度变化(HVC)、视杯形态测量(CSM)的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).视杯形态测量(CSM)与年龄正相关(r=0.241;P=0.002),平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度(mRNFL)、视网膜神经纤维层截面面积(RNFLA)、最大视杯深度(MxCD)与年龄呈负相关关系(r=-0.40～-0.31,P<0.01).年龄对这些参数的影响在视乳头不同部位有所不同.结论 年龄、视盘面积大小对视乳头地形图参数有一定影响.随着年龄的增加视网膜神经纤维层有变薄的趋势.在青光眼患者筛查及追踪随访时,视乳头地形图参数分析应考虑到年龄对视乳头的影响.     

年轻闭角型青光眼住院患者临床特征分析

目的探讨年轻的闭角型青光眼住院患者的病种构成, 并比较原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)与继发性闭角型青光眼(SACG)的临床特征。方法回顾性病例系列研究。连续收集2012年1月至2019年12月于中山大学中山眼科中心就诊的发病年龄≤40岁的闭角型青光眼住院患者资料, 记录患者入院诊断、性别、发病年龄, 收集患者常规眼科检查及A型超声波测定、超声生物显微镜、相干光层析成像术及视野检查的结果。分析PACG与SACG所占比例、病种构成, 比较两类患者的发病年龄、视力、视野、眼球生物学结构参数及初诊误诊率。非正态分布资料以M(Q1, Q3)表示。统计学比较采用Mann-WhitneyU检验、χ2检验及独立样本t检验。结果共纳入243例(243只眼)患者, 发病年龄(28±9)岁;男性与女性比例为1∶1.79;其中PACG患者93例(38.3%), SACG患者150例(61.7%)。PACG患者年龄[34(28, 38)岁]及男性比例[22.6%(21/93)]与SACG患者[28(19, 34)岁, 44.0%(66/150)]比较, 差异均有统计学意义(Z=-5.34, χ2=11.46;均...     

改良显微小梁切除术治疗葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼

Objective To investigate the effect of trabeculectomy combined with segmental iridectomy, mitomycin C (MMC) and viscoelastic agents usage on the treatment of glaucoma secondary in uveitis. Methods According to the age, degree of inflammation and the condition of Tenon capsule of patients, differ-ent concentration of MMC (0.25-0.33 mg/ml) was used during the operation, with separation of the anterior and posterior synechia, resection of pupillary organization membrane using viscoelastic agents. Segmental iridec-tomy and releasable sutures were also performed on the patients. The visual acuity of preoperation and postoper-ation, intraocular pressure, inflammation and the complication were record. Results Forty-two eyes of 38 cases with glaucoma secondary in uveitis were studied, the mean follow-up time was (12.01±3.56) months. The postoperative visual acuity improved in 14 eyes, didn't change in 28 eyes. The postoperative inflammation of anterior chamber disappeared in 35 eyes, relieved in 7 eyes. And the average postoperative intraocular pres-sure (15.20± 4.64) mmHg was significantly lower than the preoperative intraocular pressure (38.37±12.93) mmHg (t = 8.255, P = 0.000). The total success rate was 92.9%. There were no severe complication. Conclusion Trabeculeetomy combined with MMC, viscoelastic agents usage, separation of anterior and poste-rior syneehia, segmental iridectomy and releasable suture could increase the success rate of operation on pa tients with glaucoma secondary in uveitis, decrease the complication and inflammation reaction of operation, and the recurrence of uveitis.     

两种艾灸法对二肾一夹型高血压大鼠血压及血管紧张素Ⅱ、肾素活性的影响

目的:应用两种艾灸疗法治疗两肾一夹肾血管性高血压大鼠(2K1C-RHR),评价这两种艾灸疗法的降压作用,并对其降压机理作初步的探讨。方法:建立2K1C-RHR模型,并将其随机分为六组:灸法Ⅰ组(百会、神阙、足三里)、灸法Ⅱ组(关元、涌泉、足三里)、卡托普利组、灸法Ⅰ 卡托普利组、灸法Ⅱ 卡托普利组、高血压对照组,另设正常对照组。经过10天治疗后,测量血压,并测定血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的含量及肾素活性(PRA)。结果:高血压对照组的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)明显高于正常对照组,各治疗组的SBP、DBP明显低于高血压对照组(P<0.01=,各治疗组间则没有明显差异(P>0.05)。血浆AngⅡ含量、PRA高血压对照组明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),并与卡托普利组差别不大(P>0.05),但灸法Ⅰ、Ⅱ组明显低于高血压对照组(P<0.01=。血浆NO含量各组间没有明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:两种艾灸疗法有良好的降压作用,其降压机理与抑制肾素-血管紧张素(RAS)系统活性有关。     

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术治疗

目的 探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术治疗方法。方法 对12例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者全部采取开放手术即连续性例瓣肾盂成形术和离断性肾盂成形术。结果 离断性肾盂成形术效果比连续性肾盂成形术效果好。结论 肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻首选手术方式为离断性成形术。     

小剂量茶碱加入小剂量激素吸入治疗慢性哮喘48例疗效观察

<正> 慢性哮喘患者,一般应根据其病情动态,病情轻重程度和用药情度,选择最佳用药方案,笔者采用小剂量茶碱控释剂和小剂量激素吸入,联合治疗,慢性哮喘,以探讨哮喘治疗的合适途径。1 资料与方法1.1 一般情况 笔者选择48例哮喘患者,男性22例,女性     

改良显微小梁切除术治疗葡萄膜炎继发性青光眼

Objective To investigate the effect of trabeculectomy combined with segmental iridectomy, mitomycin C (MMC) and viscoelastic agents usage on the treatment of glaucoma secondary in uveitis. Methods According to the age, degree of inflammation and the condition of Tenon capsule of patients, differ-ent concentration of MMC (0.25-0.33 mg/ml) was used during the operation, with separation of the anterior and posterior synechia, resection of pupillary organization membrane using viscoelastic agents. Segmental iridec-tomy and releasable sutures were also performed on the patients. The visual acuity of preoperation and postoper-ation, intraocular pressure, inflammation and the complication were record. Results Forty-two eyes of 38 cases with glaucoma secondary in uveitis were studied, the mean follow-up time was (12.01±3.56) months. The postoperative visual acuity improved in 14 eyes, didn't change in 28 eyes. The postoperative inflammation of anterior chamber disappeared in 35 eyes, relieved in 7 eyes. And the average postoperative intraocular pres-sure (15.20± 4.64) mmHg was significantly lower than the preoperative intraocular pressure (38.37±12.93) mmHg (t = 8.255, P = 0.000). The total success rate was 92.9%. There were no severe complication. Conclusion Trabeculeetomy combined with MMC, viscoelastic agents usage, separation of anterior and poste-rior syneehia, segmental iridectomy and releasable suture could increase the success rate of operation on pa tients with glaucoma secondary in uveitis, decrease the complication and inflammation reaction of operation, and the recurrence of uveitis.     

5例骨盆骨折合并伤的的误漏分析

骨盆骨折是我们矿山医院外科的常见病。而骨盆骨折损伤机制往往是高能量的暴力损伤，死亡率高达5％～20％，且其并发症是造成死亡的主要原因。经常有不同程度的合并伤和多发伤，如腹腔内脏器损伤和泌尿系统的损伤，因来诊患者大多数病情严重，临床上非常容易造成误漏诊而直接危及生命。我科自1995年7月～2003年9月共收治26例骨盆骨折患者，     

体表电刺激对硬膜外自控镇痛效应及康复质量的影响

目的研究体表电刺激对硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)效应和患者康复质量的影响。方法选择经腹子宫切除术60例,随机分成3组,每组20例。A组:于硬膜外麻醉后切皮前、术后4、8h,体表电刺激仪各刺激30min,术后行PCEA;B组:单纯行术后PCEA;C组(对照组):不用PCEA。术后随访镇痛效果、镇痛药用量、血清皮质醇含量、焦虑情绪和患者不良反应等情况。结果PCEA组镇痛效果满意,明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。A组镇痛药用量少于B组(P<0.01),术后皮质醇浓度下降幅度大于B组。A组术后48h内患者的焦虑发生率明显低于C组。结论复合应用体表电刺激,可增强镇痛效应,改善患者的精神心理状态。