在Suzuki反应中，催化剂循环使用和产物回收的简便方法

在钯催化的Suzuki交叉偶联反应中，以聚环氧乙烷-甲醇为混合溶剂，反应结束后用正庚烷提取，产物进入非极性相，收率〉90％。催化剂留在极性相，可循环使用多次。     

筛窦铅弹一例

患者女，2l岁，未婚，左眼被汽枪铅弹击伤而入院．检查见左上、下眼险青紫肿胀，左上睑外眦处可见黄豆大伤口，周边不整齐．拍片见左侧筛窦后方有一大小约为0．8cm×0．6cm的金属异物，中线外左侧，鼻根后约3cm；下约1cm局麻下循伤口探查瘘道，     

Changes of Unit Discharge of the Medullary Respiratory Neurons during Apnea

Changes of the neuronal discharge of 128 medullary respiratory unitswere recorded and studied during the period of expiratory apnea induced reflexlyby intracarotid sinus injection of sodium citrate in rabbits.Generally,theneuronal discharge of inspiratory units began,stopped and recovered at the sametime with those of the phrenic nerve.But,about 5% the phase-spanninginspiratory units near the obex showed a different time course with the dischargeof the phrenic nerve.They fired continuously in a low frequency while thephrenic nerve was quiet.When increasing progressively and approaching to acertain level,the firing rate increased abruptly and at the same time phrenic nervebegan to fire.So it seemed that they acted as the pacemaker of inspiration.Comparison of the cycle-triggered histograms(CTH)of these inspiratory unitswith those of phrenic nerve showed clearly the above mentioned phasicrelationship.They started firing before the phrenic nerve,but they reached theirmaximal rate and then declined and stopped quite in accordance with the phrenicnerve.It is,therefore,reasonable to assume that the central mechanism of theswitch from expiratory apnea to inspiration may originate from this kind ofneurons.Most of the expiratory units show tonic discharges during the period of apneawith a higher discharge rate than normal and then the rate decreases just beforerecovery of phrenic firing.In addition,small portion of the expiratory units weredepressed as the phrenic discharge ceased.The function of these two differentkinds of neurons in the mechanism of development of respiratory rhythm is,apparently,different.     

超声引导下微波治疗肝癌的护理体会

超声引导下微波治疗肝癌对由于各种原因无法耐受或不适宜手术切除者无疑是一种较好的治疗方法。我院用ECO-100无杆温PMCT微波治疗仪治疗肝癌取得明显效果,使30例肝癌患者肿块缩小率达100%。在超声引导下经皮微波治疗肝癌具有热效率高,操作相对简单,安全可靠,凝固性坏死范围稳定,疗效好等特点[1],是一种较手术更安全的治疗方法。现将护理体会报道如下。1临床资料1·1一般资料本组30例,其中男20例,女10例;年龄35~80岁,平均60.2岁。肿瘤直径5.5 cm以内,其中原发性肝癌21例,转移性肝癌9例,均为经病理组织学检查而确诊的患者(超声引导下穿刺活…     

构建"合理用药网络支持系统",加强医院药物警戒工作

医药科学的发展为疾病治疗提供了更多的途径和方法,同时,与药物相关的安全隐患不断出现,如伪劣药物的使用、药物误用和滥用、药物的非法流通等,药物安全性工作已不再拘泥于药物不良反应(ADR)报告制度所涵盖的范围,还涉及到与药物安全性相关的其他方面。因此,必须建立一种涵盖药     

牙周-牙髓联合病变47例临床治疗探讨

对我科近期确诊为牙周一牙髓联合病变的患者47例54颗牙进行分析,现报道如下: 1资料与方法 1.1一般资料2007年1月至2008年12月在我科门诊就诊,确诊为牙周一牙髓联合病变的患者47例共54颗牙,其中男28例32颗牙.女19例22颗牙.年龄在25～72岁.     

无水酒精阻滞大鼠腹腔神经丛后脊髓、孤束核C-FOS和NOS-1的表达

目的:通过免疫组化的方法研究无水酒精阻滞大鼠腹腔神经丛后脊髓和延髓孤束核内CFOS和NOS1的表达。材料和方法:对70只Wistar大鼠实施手术,建立实验动物模型。分5组于术后不同时间取得脊髓和延髓样本,并用标准方法对其进行CFOS和NOS1免疫组化染色,观察脊髓和延髓孤束核CFOS和NOS1的表达。结果:无水酒精阻滞后脊髓后角、延髓孤束核神经元细胞内均有CFOS和NOS1表达。结论:无水酒精阻滞腹腔神经丛后,短时间内脊髓后角和延髓孤束核内CFOS和NOS1表达阳性,表明FOS和NOS1与内脏信息在脊髓水平的传导有关。CFOS和NOS1参与了内脏信息在孤束核内的传导。