双能X射线骨密度仪测量不同条件下腰椎骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积有临床意义的最小变化率

目的:骨密度仪的差异或漂移可以通过质控加以校正。比较双能X射线骨密度仪测量腰椎铝体模、活体腰椎、死体腰椎(带软组织)的骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积有临床意义的最小变化率差异,以便为重复测量同一个体的骨矿含量或骨密度评估临床药物疗效提供依据。方法:实验于2004-05/2006-12在川北医学院人体解剖实验室与川北医学院附属医院内分泌科骨密度室完成。采用美国Lunar公司生产的DPX-MD双能X射线骨密度仪测量铝体模、3个活体椎体、1个带软组织的死体椎体的骨矿含量与椎骨骨面积,3次/d,连续测定5d。3个活体椎体分别为38岁骨密度正常男性、40岁骨质疏松症男性及62岁轻微骨量减少女性的椎体,均为自愿参与实验的本院医生。死体椎体由川北医学院人体解剖实验室提供。实验得到医院伦理道德委员会批准。计算各椎体骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积的变异系数及有临床意义的最小骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积变化率。结果:①有临床意义的最小骨矿含量变化率:铝体模与正常男性椎体最小,骨质疏松症男性椎体、轻微骨量减少女性椎体与死体椎体呈依次增大趋势,且以死体椎体最大。②有临床意义的最小椎骨骨面积变化率:铝体模、正常男性椎体与骨质疏松症男性椎体最小,轻微骨量减少女性椎体与死体椎体较大,且以死体椎体最大。结论:双能X射线骨密度仪测量不同条件椎骨有临床意义的最小骨矿含量、椎骨骨面积变化率存在差异,骨质疏松的严重程度不同,骨矿含量、椎骨面积骨密度检测对临床药物疗效观察的影响不同,骨质疏松越严重或有骨质增生的存在对其影响越大。     

不同产地和品种淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷的HPLC分析

目的 :对中药淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷的含量分析进行方法学研究 ,并测定淫羊藿的不同产地、不同品种、不同药用部位的淫羊藿苷的含量。方法 :采用RP HPLC技术对 7个品种 2 3个样品进行测定。以PERKIN EIMER SH/5C18柱为分析柱 ,流动相为乙腈 水 36%乙酸 ( 2 5∶73.5∶1 .5)流速 1 .0ml/min。UV检测波长 2 70nm。结果 :本方法测定淫羊藿苷含量在 0 .0 2 1 2～ 0 .1 2 7μg ,0 .53～ 1 .696μg范围内呈良好的线性关系。不同产地、不同品种、不同药用部位的淫羊藿其淫羊藿苷的含量为 0 .0 0 30 7%～ 1 .55%。同一植株不同部位中淫羊藿苷的含量分布叶 >叶茎 >茎 >根。结论 :淫羊藿由于产地不同、品种不同其淫羊藿苷的含量相差悬殊。本测定方法为筛选优良品种和扩大药源提供了简便易行的方法     

Congestion Pricing Policies and Safety Implications: a Scoping Review

Congestion pricing policies (CPPs) are a common strategy for addressing urban traffic congestion. Research has explored several impacts of these policies (e.g., air quality, equity, congestion relief). The purpose of this review was to synthesize findings from publications examining CPP impacts on road user safety outcomes. We conducted a systematic search of relevant literature in four large research databases (Transport Research International Documentation, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus), searching from database inception through January 2021. We identified 18 eligible publications. Safety-related outcomes included overall crashes and injury crashes with stratification by injury severity and road user type (e.g., bicyclist, pedestrian). A majority of the publications examined zone-based CPPs (n = 13) and used observed data involving real policies (n = 10), as compared to a predicted or simulated analysis. Decreases in overall crashes and injuries for some road users were observed (e.g., car occupants). While some studies estimated short-term increases in injuries and crashes for bicyclists and motorcyclists (likely due to shifts from personal vehicle use to other transportation modes and increased exposure), most analyses focused on longer-term impacts and generally found a reversal and eventual decrease in injuries and crashes after a few years. The relative scarcity of safety outcomes in published literature, along with the wide breadth of CPP types, implementation contexts, and outcomes measured, demonstrates that more research on safety outcomes is needed. Cities and regions planning to implement CPPs should consider potential mode shifts and safety supports for all road users (e.g., bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure).Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11524-021-00578-3.