Antibacterial Activity of Nitropyrroles, Nitrothiophenes, and Aminothiophenes In Vitro

The antibacterial activities of nitropyrroles, nitrothiophenes, and aminothiophenes were studied. Replacement of the nitro group with an amino group enhanced the activity of the thiophene compounds.     

Distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-MT-141 in rats. II. Distribution and excretion after multiple intravenous administration in male rats and after single intravenous administration in female rats

The distribution and tissue accumulation of the radioactivity were studied in male rats after the multiple intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The distribution and the placental transfer were also studied using pregnant rats or lactating rats after the single intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The radioactive concentration in the fetus was low and the radioactivity was distributed almost uniformly through the fetus body. The peak time of the milk level was 2 hours after the administration and the radioactivity in milk decreased gradually thereafter. The milk levels decreased more slowly than the blood levels did. The blood level after the last dose administered daily for 7 days tended to decrease more slowly, when compared with the single administration. However the blood concentration at 48 hours after the last administration was less than 3 times as high as that after the single administration.     

Changes in gastric EMG resulting from differences in direction of linear acceleration in rabbits.

The role of direction of linear acceleration in stimulation of the otolith organ, which leads to alteration of autonomic activities in the form of inhibition of gastric motility, has not been fully studied. With a view to elucidating this problem, we placed healthy adult rabbits unanesthetized and unrestrained in individual cages, and subjected them to the three different linear acclerations to study changes in gastric EMG. As a result, the forward-and-backward movement was found to inhibit the EMG activity most potently, and was followed in decreasing order by side-to-side movement and up-and-down movement. These findings, when viewed from the standpoint of the accepted concept that optimum stimulation to the otolith organ constitutes the shearing force, account well for the supposition that forward-and-backward movement stimulates both the sacculi and utriculi, while up-and-down movement stimulates the sacculi alone.     

Treatment with Krestin combined with mitomycin C, and effect on immune response

The combination effects of Krestin (PSK) and mitomycin C (MMC) were examined in experimental tumor models. PSK was administered either orally or intraperitoneally. Delayed-type footpad reaction and antibody formation against sheep erythrocytes were measured in hosts of which immune functions were depressed by tumor burden. Results of the experiment indicated that the simultaneous administration of PSK and MMC significantly increased the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice and restored more effectively their immune functions compared to those of nontreated tumor-bearing controls or tumor-bearing hosts treated with a single agent.     

Double aortic arch: axial angiography with concomitant esophagogram: report of a case

A case of functioning double aortic arch in a 6-month-old boy is presented. The value of angled-view angiography with concomitant esophagogram is stressed, because it offers exact anatomical diagnosis and helps in determining the location of surgical division.     

Epidermal cells bearing both I-A and I-E subregion antigens can induce hen egg white lysozyme-specific T lymphocyte proliferation

Antigen-primed T lymphocytes require accessory cells to initiate a proliferative response. These cells have been designated antigen presenting cells. In the present investigation, we found that immune associated antigen (Ia) bearing, mouse epidermal cells possess antigen presenting activity. These epidermal cells also display substantial levels of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) activity. However, this MLR of itself did not suppress nor enhance antigen presenting activity. Genetic mapping studies demonstrated that compatibility at the I-A and I-E subregions of the MHC is important for effective presentation of either lysozyme or ovalbumin. In vitro inhibition and blocking studies using alloantisera confirmed that I-A and I-E gene products of these epidermal cells may play an important role in the interaction of primed T lymphocytes and antigen-pulsed epidermal cells. In addition, epidermal cells bearing Fc and C3 receptors on the cell surfaces were more efficient at inducing the lymphocyte proliferation than were epidermal cells depleted of these cells. These results suggest that Ia positive epidermal cells may be involved in the initiation of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions through antigen recognition followed by antigen presentation and T lymphocyte proliferation.     

Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) metabolism in mouse and rat brains: as to the activities of GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase), GABA-T (GABA-transaminase) and GABA re-uptake

It has been reported that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) improves the ataxia of cerebellar type. The mechanism of action is unclear. As well recognized, GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) is an important neurotransmitter in cerebellar system. So, if TRH acts on cerebellum, it is expected that the GABA metabolism will be modified by in vivo or in vitro TRH application. The purpose of this experiment is to clarify whether or not TRH affects on GABA system in cerebellar system. The first experiment was to determine the effect of TRH on the two GABA related enzyme activities, that is, GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) and GABA-T (GABA-transaminase). TRH was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 5 mg/kg. In mouse brains, the two enzyme activities of hindbrains increased after 60 minutes. Next experiment assaying GAD activities at two parts of hindbrain revealed that the increase in hindbrain observed above was due to marked increase in brain-stem (p less than 0.001), but not in cerebellum itself in which the GAD activities decreased (p less than 0.05). On the other hand, in the forebrains, the same dose of TRH failed to change both GAD and GABA-T activities. In order to ascertain the effect more precisely, we assayed GAD activities at seven parts of the brain of Wistar male rats. By this experiment, it was found that GAD activities increase at two portions, namely, at thalamo-midbrain after 30 minutes and at pons-medulla after 180 minutes of TRH injection (p less than 0.05, in both). Other five portions, including cerebellum, showed no significant change of GAD activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)