超声影像报告和数据系统分类在甲状腺结节诊断中的应用

【摘要】 目的 探讨甲状腺超声影像报告和数据系统(TI RADS)分类在诊断甲状腺良恶性结节中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年12月经超声检查的89例甲状腺结节患者基础资料,其中58例行甲状腺切除手术,以术后病理结果作为评价金标准,分析TI RADS,评估分类的诊断效能。结果甲状腺结节患者男女性别比例为1：2.3,高发年龄为40～49岁。经术后病理证实58例甲状腺结节患者中良性32例,恶性26例。男女性别恶性病变发病率比较无显著性差异（χ2=2.31,P＞0.05）。单发结节患者中恶性病变发病率高于多发结节患者,差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.82,P＜0.05）。TI RADS分类诊断甲状腺恶性病变的灵敏度92.31%,特异度84.37%,Kappa值0.76。结论 超声影像报告和数据系统评估分类对甲状腺结节的诊断与病理诊断结果一致性较高,具有临床应用价值,可在临床推广应用。     

大肠癌浸润的细胞外基质变化和内皮细胞的关系探讨

目的　探讨大肠癌浸润的细胞外基质变化和血管内皮细胞的关系,为了解大肠癌生物学行为改变和临床应用抑制细胞外基质降解治疗大肠癌的作用。　方法　应用免疫组化半定量分析。　结果　癌旁组、各期浸润组的细胞外基质成分和内皮细胞变化与正常组比较,有显著差异(P<005或P<001),LN、F8,CD34和肌动蛋白的增加,均与大肠癌的浸润有关。　结论　提示抑制癌细胞对细胞外基质的降解和对血管内皮细胞的损伤,可起到阻止癌细胞的游走和浸润     

人群华支睾吸虫感染灰色预测模型的构建

目的构建灰色GM(1,1)模型用于人群华支睾吸虫感染情况预测。方法利用"华支睾吸虫病病例/症状监测系统"收集的黑龙江省桦川县2013年7月—2014年6月人群华支睾吸虫感染监测数据构建时间序列,根据数列矩阵运算原理,采用EXCEL软件中的MINVERSE等函数对该资料进行拟合,确定人群华支睾吸虫感染GM(1,1)预测模型并判断精度。结果 2013年7月—2014年6月间共收集了271例华支睾吸虫感染者信息,GM(1,1)模型的时间响应函数为X_(t+1')=16.0245e~(-00787t),后验差比值C=0.5884,精度达到了基本合格水平。结论初步构建了华支睾吸虫感染预测的灰色GM(1,1)模型,为今后预测人群华支睾吸虫感染情况提供了基础。     

应力丧失对急性肩袖损伤腱骨愈合影响的实验研究

目的探讨应力丧失在急性肩袖损伤后修复过程中的作用机制。方法选用成年雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为肉毒素组和生理盐水组(n=12)。将冈上肌腱于大结节止点处横断后原位缝合,建立大鼠冈上肌腱损伤模型。肉毒素组于造模后冈上肌肌注肉毒素A,生理盐水组于同侧冈上肌注射等量生理盐水。分别于术后4周和12周取材,比较两组肌腱-骨界面的胶原、纤维软骨、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)以及破骨细胞特异性的抗酒石酸染色(TRAP)的表达情况。结果术后4周,生理盐水组的肌腱-骨界面的胶原、纤维软骨、TRAP和VEGF的表达优于肉毒素组,其中VEGF的免疫组化评分结果,肉毒素组和生理盐水组的分值分别为(4.2±1.6)和(8.2±2.8)分(t=3.83,P<0.05)。术后12周,因肉毒素组应力逐渐恢复,可见肉毒素组腱骨界面逐渐得到修复。结论应力丧失能抑制血管内皮生长因子的表达,增加局部破骨细胞活动从而抑制肩袖损伤后的肌腱-骨界面的修复。     

Sensory neuron-specific receptor agonist BAM8-22 inhibits the development and expression of tolerance to morphine in rats

We observed that intrathecal (i.t.) bovine adrenal medulla 22, an endogenous opioid peptide, partially reverses morphine tolerance. However, its mechanism remains unclear. The present study determined the effects of BAM8-22, a derivative of BAM22 and selective sensory neuron-specific receptor (SNSR) agonist, on the development and maintenance of tolerance to spinal morphine. Intrathecal administration of BAM8-22 at various doses (0.1, 1 and 10nmol) did not alter withdraw latencies assessed in both paw withdraw and tail flick tests. Co-administration of BAM8-22 (0.1nmol) every other day, but not daily, with morphine remarkably attenuated the development of morphine tolerance. Pretreatment and co-treatment with BAM8-22 (0.1nmol) significantly reversed established morphine tolerance. Furthermore, intermittent administration of BAM8-22 with morphine consistently resumed morphine-induced antinociception. However, i.t. BAM8-22 did not alter morphine-induced hyperalgesia. These results suggested that SNSR may be able to modulate the sensitivity of opioid receptor serving as a most probable underlying mechanism for the effects of BAM8-22 on morphine tolerance. This study also demonstrated that intermittent combination of SNSR agonist BAM8-22 with morphine might be better regimen for long-term use of opioids to treat chronic pain.     

The involvement of spinal bovine adrenal medulla 22-like peptide, the proenkephalin derivative, in modulation of nociceptive processing

Bovine adrenal medulla 22 (BAM22), one of the cleavage products of proenkephalin A, possesses high affinity for opioid receptors and sensory neuron‐specific receptor (SNSR). The present study was designed to examine the expression of BAM22 in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of naive rats as well as in a model of inflammation. BAM22‐like immunoreactivity (BAM22‐IR) was expressed in fibers in the spinal cord, with high density seen in lamina I in naïve rats. The expression of BAM22‐IR in the superficial laminae was greatly reduced following dorsal rhizotomy. BAM22‐IR was also located in 19% of DRG cells, mainly in the small‐ and medium‐sized subpopulations. Following injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the hindpaw, the expression of BAM22‐IR in the superficial laminae of the spinal cord and small‐sized DRG neurons on the ipsilateral side was markedly increased. Double labeling showed that the Fos‐positive nucleus was surrounded by BAM22‐IR cytoplasm in the spinal dorsal horn neurons or closely associated with BAM22‐IR fibers in the superficial laminae. Furthermore, CFA‐induced mechanical allodynia in the inflamed paw was potentiated by intrathecal administration of anti‐BAM22 antibody. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that BAM22‐like peptide is mainly located in the superficial laminae of the spinal cord and mostly originates from nociceptive DRG neurons. BAM22 could thus act as a ligand for presynaptic opioid receptors and SNSR. Our study also provides evidence suggesting that BAM22 plays a role in the modulation of nociceptive processing at the spinal level under normal and inflammatory conditions.     

Induction of apoptosis in S-180 and S-180R tumor cells by adriamycinin vivo

Apoptosis of tumor cells have become a new standard for chemotherapy. It is useful to demonstrate induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by anti-cancer drugsin vivo. We reported the results of apoptosis induction in murine tumor cell line S-180 and it’s resistant cell line S-180R by adriamycin in different dose and different time. We found that apoptosis in S-180 cells could be induced by low dose of adriamycin, the apoptosis was started at 24 h. after the administration, and reached to 62.5% of the cells to apptosis until 72 h. Comparison with the parental cell line, only 13% of S-180R cells were apoptosed. At high dose, 20% of S-180R cells were apoptosed, whereas, almost all S-180 cells were killed in the same time. The lymphocytes were appeared in abdominal cavity of the mice after treatment of adriamycin for 24 h. It was very interested to find out that there was no lymphocyte left in the abdominal cavity of the mice with S-180R cells treated at high dose of adriamycin.     

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSAGE OF MOXA CONE ON DRUG RESISTANCE IN S-180R CELLS

Drug resistance is a very important problem for cancer chemotherapy. The ma-jor type of drug resistance is due to the overexpression of P-glycoproteins (P-170) in cancer cells. P-170 could pump the drug out of the cells, so the drug could not be accumulated enough to kill the cell-s. We had developed the adriamycin resistant cell line S-180R in BABL/c mice. The cells overexpressP-170 stably. Different dosages of moxa cone were used on Guanyuan (CV 4) point of the mice.Stimulation of drug accumulation was found after administration of moxibustion for 30 min and a doseresponse manner was shown below 400 mg of moxa cone, but a little decrease of the stimulation wasobtained when using 600 mg of moxa cone. These results confirmed positive effects of moxibustion onovercoming the drug resistance through stimulation of drug accumulation in the cancer cells.     

Recent advances in computational prediction of drug absorption and permeability in drug discovery

Approximately 40%-60% of developing drugs failed during the clinical trials because of ADME/Tox deficiencies. Virtual screening should not be restricted to optimize binding affinity and improve selectivity; and the pharmacokinetic properties should also be included as important filters in virtual screening. Here, the current development in theoretical models to predict drug absorption-related properties, such as intestinal absorption, Caco-2 permeability, and blood-brain partitioning are reviewed. The important physicochemical properties used in the prediction of drug absorption, and the relevance of predictive models in the evaluation of passive drug absorption are discussed. Recent developments in the prediction of drug absorption, especially with the application of new machine learning methods and newly developed software are also discussed. Future directions for research are outlined.