五种中药灭阴道毛滴虫体外试验初步研究

本文对５种中药进行了杀灭阴道毛滴虫体外实验的初步研究。结果表明：白头翁、黄柏和青蒿灭虫效果最好，蛇床子和苦参亦有一定的作用。为进一步开发中药防治阴道毛滴虫提供了研究基础资料。     

Surgery for pre-macular fibrosis

We review 12 consecutive cases of pre-macular fibrosis (PMF) treated by vitreous surgical techniques. The causes of PMF included retinal detachment surgery in four patients, idiopathic in three patients, laser treatment in three patients, pars planitis in one patient and diabetic retinopathy in one patient. The membrane was successfully removed in all the patients. One patient developed a retinal detachment that was repaired successfully. All patients had improved visual acuity (VA) of two Snellen lines or more and six patients achieved VA of 6/12 or better. Patients with PMF following retinal detachment had poorer final VA.     

Obstructive jaundice secondary to benign hepatic cyst

A case of hepatic cyst causing obstructive jaundice is presented. Following percutaneous aspiration of the cyst, the jaundice was relieved. Modern interventional radiologic techniques can provide prompt diagnosis and treatment, thus avoiding major surgery and prolonged hospitalization.     

Emotional modulation of muscle pain is associated with polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene

The perception of pain is determined by a combination of genetic, neurobiological, cultural, and emotional factors. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between specific genotypes and pain perception. Particular focus has been given to the triallelic polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene in relation to pain perception. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the modulatory effect of emotions mediated by visual stimuli on muscular pain perception is genotype dependent. A total of 150 healthy subjects were selected on the basis of their polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene. First, visual conditioning was performed with positive, negative, and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System, and the unpleasantness/pleasantness of the pictures was rated. Second, visual conditioning stimuli were presented while experimental jaw muscle pain was evoked by injection of hypertonic saline into the masseter muscle, and participants continuously rated pain intensity on an electronic visual analogue scale. The pictures induced similar changes in emotions across the 3 genotype groups, and hypertonic saline evoked moderate pain levels in all participants. However, in participants with a high expression of the serotonin transporter protein, conditioning with negative pictures increased pain intensity and positive pictures decreased pain intensity when compared with neutral pictures. In contrast, there were no significant effects of the pictures on pain perception in participants with either intermediate or low expression of the protein. These results suggest that polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene play an important role in emotions modulation of muscle pain.     

Pharmacological management of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a number of severe and disabling consequences, including chronic pain, and around 40% of patients develop persistent neuropathic pain. Pain following SCI has a detrimental impact on the patient's quality of life and is a major specific healthcare problem in its own right. Thus far, there is no cure for the pain and oral pharmaceutical intervention is often inadequate, commonly resulting in a reduction of only 20-30% in pain intensity. Neuropathic pain sensations are characterized by spontaneous persistent pain and a range of abnormally evoked responses, e.g. allodynia (pain evoked by normally non-noxious stimuli) and hyperalgesia (an increased response to noxious stimuli). Neuropathic pain following SCI may be present at or below the level of injury. Oral pharmacological agents used in the treatment of neuropathic pain act either by depressing neuronal activity, by blocking sodium channels or inhibiting calcium channels, by increasing inhibition via GABA agonists, by serotonergic and noradrenergic reuptake inhibition, or by decreasing activation via glutamate receptor inhibition, especially by blocking the NMDA receptor. At present, only ten randomized, double-blind, controlled trials have been performed on oral drug treatment of pain after SCI, the results of most of which were negative. The studies included antidepressants (amitriptyline and trazodone), antiepileptics (gabapentin, pregabalin, lamotrigine and valproate) and mexiletine. Gabapentin, pregabalin and amitriptyline showed a significant reduction in neuropathic pain following SCI. Cannabinoids have been found to relieve other types of central pain, and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors as well as opioids relieve peripheral neuropathic pain and may be used to treat patients with SCI pain.