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21.
Wolburg H Wolburg-Buchholz K Kraus J Rascher-Eggstein G Liebner S Hamm S Duffner F Grote EH Risau W Engelhardt B 《Acta neuropathologica》2003,105(6):586-592
In the central nervous system (CNS) complex endothelial tight junctions (TJs) form a restrictive paracellular diffusion barrier, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). During inflammation, BBB properties are frequently lost, resulting in brain edema. To investigate whether BBB leakiness correlates with molecular changes at BBB TJs, we performed immunofluorescence stainings for TJ molecules in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in human tissue with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In TJs of healthy CNS vessels in both mouse and man we detected occludin, ZO-1, claudin-5 and claudin-3. In EAE brain and spinal cord sections we observed the selective loss of claudin-3 immunostaining from TJs of venules surrounded by inflammatory cuffs, whereas the localization of the other TJ proteins remained unchanged. In addition, selective loss of claudin-3 immunostaining was also observed in altered cerebral microvessels of human GBM. Our data demonstrate the selective loss of claudin-3 from BBB TJs under pathological conditions such as EAE or GBM when the integrity of the BBB is compromised, and therefore suggest that claudin-3 is a central component determining the integrity of BBB TJs in vivo. 相似文献
22.
Fisher PG Tontiplaphol A Pearlman EM Duffner PK Hyder DJ Stolle CA Vortmeyer AO Zhuang Z 《Annals of neurology》2002,51(2):257-260
Tumor suppressor gene "knockout" models would predict that children who present with hemangioblastoma are likely to harbor germline mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau gene. We screened 6 pediatric patients with cerebellar hemangioblastoma for germline or somatic mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau gene. Two had prior clinical manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau disease and, as expected, had germline von Hippel-Lindau gene mutations. Four children with solitary hemangioblastoma did not have a detectable germline deletion, rearrangement, or point mutation in their von Hippel-Lindau gene, and tumor specimens in 3 of these 4 showed no somatic von Hippel-Lindau allelic loss. Solitary cerebellar hemangioblastoma in children does not predict a germline or somatic mutation in the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene. The tumorigenesis of hemangioblastoma in younger patients may differ from that in adults, and may involve a molecular process unrelated to the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor pathway. 相似文献
23.
Summary.
Summary.
Background: For the treatment of medically refractory movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and primary dystonia,
deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become one of the main treatment options. The targets for implantation of the stimulation
electrodes are various nuclei within the basal ganglia or the thalamic and subthalamic area. Accurate target localisation
is of major importance for outcome and patient safety. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of image fusion in
the determination of target co-ordinates.
Method: We conducted a retrospective study on 10 patients in whom 17 DBS electrodes had been implanted. Coordinates of the anterior
and posterior commissures and of the DBS targets were compared on pre- and postoperative computerised tomography (CT) and
fused CT/magnetic resonance scans. The targets as defined on the images were further compared with the targets derived intra-operatively
with microelectrode recordings (MER) and macrostimulation.
Findings: The achievable mean target accuracy was of the order of the diameter of the DBS electrode and of the accuracy of the image
fusion algorithm, i.e. about 1 mm. However, the maximal differences were between 1.8 mm and 3.2 mm.
Interpretation: Image fusion is a helpful tool for accurate determination of target point co-ordinates in DBS. In combination with intraoperative,
electrophysiological recordings and stimulation which are still considered to be the most reliable localisation methods, image
fusion may help to discern the anatomical and functional three-dimensionality of the target nuclei. Image fusion may reduce
the number of trajectories needed for intraoperative electrophysiological determination of the optimal electrode localisation
and thus lower the risk of complications. 相似文献
24.
25.
Flotho C Rückauer K Duffner U Bergstässer E Böhm N Niemeyer CM 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2001,36(6):E6
Benign neoplasms of the ovary originating from epithelial tissue are common tumors in adult women. They are, however, rarely seen in children or adolescent girls. Here the authors present a case of an ovarian mucinous cystadenoma in a premenarchal girl. To our knowledge, there are only 5 other cases reported in the literature. 相似文献
26.
27.
Salivary concentrations and plasma protein binding of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide in epileptic patients. 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
1. The relationships between saliva, free and total plasma concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (CBZ-EP) were studied in 24 chronically medicated epileptic patients. Four patients were taking CBZ alone, while 20 were taking one or more additional anticonvulsant drugs. 2. The free fraction of CBZ in plasma ranged from 0.19 to 0.33 (mean 0.24) while the saliva:plasma (S:P) concentration ratios ranged from 0.20 to 0.35 (mean 0.27). The free fraction of CBZ-EP in plasma ranged from 0.16 to 0.50 (mean 0.32), while the S:P ratios ranged from 0.14 to 0.70 (mean, 0.43). The plasma protein binding and S:P ratios of these compounds appeared to be independent of age, sampling time and concurrently administered anticonvulsant drugs. 3. Significant linear relationships between saliva and total plasma concentrations and between saliva and free plasma concentrations were observed for both compounds (P less than 0.001). However, salivary concentrations of CBZ and CBZ-EP were significantly more reliable as predictors of their respective free plasma concentrations than of their respective total plasma concentrations (P less than 0.01). 4. It is concluded that measurement of CBZ and CBZ-EP in the saliva of chronically medicated epileptic patients provides a more reliable estimate of the pharmacodynamically active, free concentrations of these compounds in plasma. 相似文献
28.
29.
GS Chopra PK Gupta AC Anand PP Varma V Nair Ramji Rai 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2005,61(3):234-237
Background
HBV DNA quantitation is used extensively world wide for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, it has still to be popular in India. The aim of this study was to quantitate HBV – DNA by Real time – PCR method in Hepatitis B and in immuno-compromised patients, to compare the results with HBeAg detection and to monitor the response to therapy of chronic Hepatitis B patients to antivirals.Methods
Ninety one serum samples of Hepatitis group of patients (all HBsAg positive), 41 samples from immuno-compromised patients (all HBsAg negative) and 49 patients of Chronic Hepatitis B group (all HBsAg positive) were the subjects of this first ever study in Armed Forces. Twenty serum samples from healthy volunteers and non-hepatitis B patients served as negative controls. The amplification detection was carried out in a Rotor-Gene 2000-sequence detectorResults
Amongst Hepatitis B group, 33% (30/91) of the samples were positive for HBV-DNA and 26% (24/91) of samples were positive for HBeAg. In the immuno-compromised group of patients 14.6% (6/11) of samples were positive for HIV-DNA and 9.7% (4/41) were positive for HBeAg. Of the Chronic Hepatitis B patients on treatment, all (100%) were positive by HBV-DNA, whereas 29/49 (59.2%) were positive by HBeAg before treatment. After treatment with antivirals, 06/49 (12.2%) were positive by both tests and 11/49 (22.5%) were positive only by HBV-DNA. 32/49 (65.3%) patients became negative serologically after therapy.Conclusion
HBeAg status did not necessarily reflect HBV-DNA level in the serum, as 10/91 (11%) in the Hepatitis B group, 2/41 (4.9%) in the immuno compromised group and 20/49 (40.8%) patients in the Chronic Hepatitis B group were positive for HBV-DNA but negative for HBeAg. HBV-DNA was not found to be positive amongst any of the negative controls. Real time – PCR is a sensitive and reproducible assay for HBV-DNA quantitation and may be started in Armed Forces referral centers in the near future.Key Words: Real time – PCR, Chronic Hepatitis B, HBV – DNA, Antivirals 相似文献30.
Summary ?Background. Endoscopy has developed into an integral part of minimally invasive neurosurgery. For further technological innovations,
detailed knowledge about the pathological anatomy is essential. The gross anatomy of the cerebral ventricular system has been
meticulously investigated with ventriculography and casts. Extensive volumetric measurements based on neuroradiological images
have been performed, but only little is known about the surgically relevant linear distances in patients with hydrocephalus.
Method. Thirty healthy volunteers and thirty patients suffering from hydrocephalus were scanned with high-resolution 3-D magnetic
resonance imaging sequences. The image volumes were sliced identically with the help of Siemens Prominence? software. Individual anatomical measurements of the ventricular system were carried out, mean values and standard deviations
were calculated, and different endoscopic approaches were investigated.
Findings. In healthy volunteers the measurements confirmed the results obtained from ventriculography and anatomic casts. In hydrocephalic
patients the ventricular system was found to be enlarged asymmetrically. The optimal neuroendoscopic approach showed considerable,
interindividual variation.
Interpretation. This 3-D magnetic resonance imaging study revealed surgically and clinically relevant aspects of the pathologic anatomy of
hydrocephalic patients, in comparison to healthy volunteers. Individualized planning of the endoscopic approach appears to
be warranted. Finally, the data provided a sound basis for the further development of neuroendoscopes.
Published online June 4, 2003 相似文献