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31.
Cornelius J Fernandez Annu Susan George Nikhila A Subrahmanyan Joseph M Pappachan 《World Journal of Methodology》2021,11(3):23-45
There exists a complex interaction between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, and an increase in the incidence of cancer is expected with the growing obesity-diabetes pandemic. The association of cancer with diabetes mellitus and obesity appears to be site-specific, the highest risk being for post-menopausal breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and colorectal cancer. Moreover, there is worsening of hyperglycaemia with the onset of cancer, evidencing a bi-directional link between cancer and diabetes mellitus and the need for monitoring for diabetes in cancer survivors. In this review, we look at the epidemiological evidence from observational studies and Mendelian randomization studies linking obesity, diabetes, and cancer, as well as the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved, including insulin resistance with associated hyperinsu linaemia, the effect of chronic low-grade inflammation, and the effect of various adipokines that are associated with obesity and T2DM. Additionally, we describe the novel therapeutic strategies, based on their role on the discrete pathophysio logical mechanisms involved in the tumourigenesis. 相似文献
32.
Recovery of motor and language abilities after stroke: the contribution of functional imaging 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
In recent years, functional imaging techniques, like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), have shown that the improvement of motor and language function after ischemic stroke is accompanied by extensive reorganizational changes in the human cortex. To better understand these changes and to judge to what extent they could be responsible for clinical improvement, some basic principles of the organization of the motor and language system are discussed.Non-invasive functional imaging can have only a limited contribution in determining which of the possible underlying neural mechanisms, as they are known from animal experiments, play a role in functional recovery. However, they make it possible to define the functional consequences of anatomical lesions in individual patients and to correlate these functional consequences in the motor and language system with the clinical deficit. They can be used to assess the influence on the cortical reorganization of established and newer physiotherapies, logopedics and medical intervention, and they could be a useful tool in determining prognosis. 相似文献
33.
34.
Robertson MM Abou-Saleh MT Harrison DA Nairac BL Edwards DR Lock T Burns RA Katona CL 《Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)》1994,8(2):98-103
One hundred and eighty three patients with DSM-III-R major depressive illness were allocated randomly to treatment with one of two new generation antidepressants, fluoxetine and lofepramine. Both patient groups had significantly lower mean scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) 6 weeks after entry to the trial (p < 0.001), but there were no differences between the groups, either at baseline or after 6 weeks, in total HRDS score or in subscores for anxiety or suicidality. Anticholinergic side effects were commoner with lofepramine; adverse effects were on the whole mild and few patients dropped out because of them. This study does not support previous claims of specific adverse effects of fluoxetine on anxiety and suicidality. 相似文献
35.
Soybean isoflavones, genistein and genistin, inhibit rat myoblast proliferation, fusion and myotube protein synthesis. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
S Ji G M Willis G R Frank S G Cornelius M E Spurlock 《The Journal of nutrition》1999,129(7):1291-1297
The isoflavones, genistein and genistin, are cytotoxic in vitro (e.g. , inhibition of cell proliferation), due in part to inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase and DNA topoisomerase activities. Normal cell functions associated with these enzymatic activities could potentially be impaired in animals through ingestion of soybean products. In this study, cultured rat myogenic cells (L8) were used to determine whether genistein or genistin influences myoblast proliferation and fusion, and myotube protein synthesis and degradation. Genistein or genistin was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and included in the culture medium at 0, 1, 10 or 100 micromol/L. Myoblast proliferation was measured by methyl-3H-thymidine incorporation over 48 h. Myoblast differentiation was evaluated by the number of nuclei in multinucleated myotubes. Myotube protein synthesis was measured by 2-h 3H-amino acid incorporation into the myosin and total protein pools after acute (2 h) or chronic (24 h) exposure to similar treatments; protein degradation was measured by measuring radioactivity in protein pools following a time course of protein breakdown after myotube proteins were prelabeled with 3H-amino acids. Genistein or genistin strongly inhibited in vitro myoblast proliferation (P < 0.001) and fusion (P < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner with effective genistein concentration as low as 1 micromol/L. Genistein or genistin inhibited protein accretion in myotubes (P < 0.001). Decreased protein accretion is largely a result of inhibition on cellular (myofibrillar) protein synthesis rate. No adverse effect on protein degradation was observed. Results suggest that if sufficient circulating concentrations are reached in tissues of animals consuming soy products, genistein/genistin can potentially affect normal muscle growth and development. 相似文献
36.
Fehrenbach A Wittwer T Cornelius J Ochs M Fehrenbach H Wahlers T Richter J 《The Journal of surgical research》1999,82(2):285-293
Ischemia/reperfusion-induced increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability was shown to be reduced after preservation with Celsior. We investigated reimplantation-induced lung injury in isolated, reperfused rat lungs after preservation via the pulmonary artery with Celsior, Celsior + prostacyclin, and reduced-potassium (40 mmol) Euro-Collins solution (40 ml/kg/body wt each) followed by 2 h of cold ischemia. Arterial and veneous oxygen tensions were recorded during 50 min of in vitro reperfusion after which the lungs (10 right lungs per experimental group) were fixed by vascular perfusion. The tissue was further processed for microscopy, and histological changes were quantified stereologically. Lung preservation with Celsior resulted in a significantly higher volume of air-filled alveolar space with a large proportion of widely distended alveoli compared with the other groups. In the Euro-Collins group the fraction of atelectatic alveoli exceeded that observed in Celsior-preserved lungs. In accordance, the difference between arterial and venous oxygen tensions was significant among Euro-Collins- and Celsior-protected lungs, with improved oxygenation values in the Celsior group. In contrast, addition of prostacyclin to Celsior treatment resulted in rather variable structural as well as functional data. There were no differences in the volumes of intraalveolar edema among the groups tested. However, the volume of alveolar tissue was increased in the Euro-Collins group. In conclusion, compared with Euro-Collins and Celsior + prostacyclin solutions, preservation with Celsior resulted in improved structural characteristics which in combination with improved oxygenation parameters supports the prospective advantage of Celsior in clinical organ preservation. 相似文献
37.
Frank Rösch Hans Herzog Cornelius Plag Bernd Neumaier Ulrike Braun Hans-Willhelm Müller-Gärtnere Gerhard Stöcklin 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1996,23(8):958-966
Yttrium-90 is used for palliative therapy for the treatment of skeletal metastases, but because it is a pure - emitter, data on the pharmacokinetics and radiation doses to metastases and unaffected organs are lacking. To obtain such data, the present study employed yttrium-86 as a substitute for90Y, with detection by positron emission tomography (PET). The study compared the properties of two different86Y complexes —86y-citrate and86Y -ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) — in ten patients with prostatic cancer who had developed multiple bone metastases (the ten patients being divided into two groups of five). Early dynamics were measured up to 1 h post injection (p.i.) over the liver region, followed by subsequent whole-body PET scans up to 3 days p.i. Absolute uptake data were determined for normal bone, bone metastases, liver and kidney. Radiation doses were calculated according to the MIRD recommendations. Based on the pharmacokinetic measurements of the distribution of the86Y complexes, it was possible to calculate radiation doses for the bone metastases and the red bone marrow delivered by complexes containing90Y. In 1 cm3 of bone metastasis, doses of 26±11 mGy/MBq and 18±2 mGy/MBq were determined per MBq of injected90Y- citrate and90Y- EDTMP, respectively. The doses to the bone marrow were 2.5±0.4 mGy/MBq for90Y- citrate and 1.8±0.6 mGy/MBq for90Y-EDTMP.86Y and PET provide quantitative information applicable to the clinical use of90Y. This method may also be useful for the design of other90Y radiopharmaceuticals and for planning radiotherapy dosages. 相似文献
38.
Background: Higher complication rates and lower success in surgery for severe obesity have been reported for patients with
government pay status. We examined the effect of pay status upon outcome in surgical treatment of obesity. Methods: This was
an observational study from an aggregate data set of individual patient information. Government pay status (G) was defined
as full or partial medical care payment through Medicare, Medicaid, or Veterans Administration. Payment entirely by private
insurance was defined as private (P). Operations were classified as either simple (S, gastric restriction) or complex (C,
gastric restriction with small bowel bypass). Two measures of outcome, perioperative complication rate and weight loss success
(≤50% excess weight), were examined to determine pay status effect. Results: More G than P patients were treated with simple
procedures (79% vs 51%, p < 0.05). Perioperative complication rates were more common for G than P patients (14.4% vs 9.1%, p < 0.05). One-year weight loss success was higher for P than G, regardless of operation type. Conclusion: Pay status should
be included in characterization of patient groups and in the analysis of results when effectiveness of surgical treatment
for severe obesity is reported. 相似文献
39.
Depression in the borderline patient may present as a reactive mood state, an expression of character, or an independent comorbid affective disorder. The symptom picture is most often heterogeneous, "atypical," and chronic. Pharmacologic trials with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) produce modest improvement on a variety of symptoms, though not always on depression. Medication effects on depressed mood in borderline personality disorder (BPD) are independent of comorbid diagnoses of major depression, atypical depression, or hysteroid dysphoria. Residual symptoms are the rule. A literature review, including studies of comorbidity, longitudinal followup, family history, and laboratory and pharmacotherapy studies, suggests that the borderline patient has both a core biologic affective dysregulation and a pathologic personality organization. The combination of constitutional and psychodynamic etiologies for borderline pathology requires consideration of both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in any comprehensive treatment. 相似文献
40.