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51.
Anal cancer is one of the most common non‐AIDS‐defining malignancies in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Its precursor lesion, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), is highly prevalent in HIV‐infected populations. More than 90% of anal squamous cell cancers are attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV). While the biology of HPV‐related intraepithelial neoplasia is consistent across lower anogenital sites, the natural history of AIN is not well established and cannot be assumed to be identical to that of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Screening strategies to prevent anal cancer should be developed based on robust natural history data in HIV‐infected and uninfected populations. Likewise, treatments need to be tested in randomized clinical trials, and reserved for those at significant risk of progression to cancer. This review covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunology of HPV infection, AIN and anal cancer, and summarizes the current diagnosis, screening and treatment strategies in HIV‐infected adults. 相似文献
52.
脊柱结核并发HIV感染/AIDS患者因免疫功能低下,治疗的难度成倍增加。为规范脊柱结核并发HIV感染/AIDS患者的诊疗流程,使更多同行了解此类疾病治疗细节,并在治疗时有可靠依据,中国防痨协会骨关节结核专业分会、中国西部骨结核联盟、中国华北骨结核联盟、《中国防痨杂志》编辑委员会共同制定了《脊柱结核并发HIV感染/AIDS患者诊断及治疗专家共识》。本共识从脊柱结核并发HIV感染/AIDS患者的流行病学背景开始论述,对其常见临床表现、实验室检查、诊断标准、药物及手术治疗方法、手术治疗过程中的职业暴露和注意事项,以及研究方向等方面做了深入的阐述与讨论。 相似文献
53.
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55.
Use of machine learning to improve autism screening and diagnostic instruments: effectiveness,efficiency, and multi‐instrument fusion 下载免费PDF全文
56.
Hui Li Aidong Zhang Lawrence Bone Cathy Buyea Murali Ramanathan 《The AAPS journal》2014,16(3):478-487
This study aims to develop a spatial model of bone for quantitative assessments of bone mineral density and microarchitecture. A spatially structured network model for bone microarchitecture was systematically investigated. Bone mineral-forming foci were distributed radially according to the cumulative normal distribution, and Voronoi tessellation was used to obtain edges representing bone mineral lattice. Methods to simulate X-ray images were developed. The network model recapitulated key features of real bone and contained spongy interior regions resembling trabecular bone that transitioned seamlessly to densely mineralized, compact cortical bone-like microarchitecture. Model-simulated imaging profiles were similar to patients’ X-ray images. The morphometric metrics were concordant with microcomputed tomography results for real bone. Simulations comparing normal and diseased bone of 20–30 to 70–80 year-olds demonstrated the method’s effectiveness for modeling osteoporosis. The novel spatial model may be useful for pharmacodynamic simulations of bone drugs and for modeling imaging data in clinical trials. 相似文献
57.
L J Deftos D Burton B D Catherwood H G Bone J G Parthemore R Guillemin W B Watkins R Y Moore 《The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism》1978,47(2):457-460
We have demonstrated by a specific immunoperoxidase procedure the presence of calcitonin-containing cells in the rat pituitary gland. These cells are widely distributed throughout the anterior lobe and seem to constitute the entire population of cells of the intermediate lobe. No such cells were seen in the posterior lobe. The presence of calcitonin-containing cells in the pituitary provides novel implications about the physiological significance of this hormone. 相似文献
58.
Recent studies have shown that antithrombin III (AT III)/heparin is capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of factor VIIa bound either to relipidated tissue factor (TF) in suspension or to TF expressed on cell surfaces. We report studies of the mechanism of which by AT III inhibits factor VIIa bound to cell surface TF and compare this inhibitory mechanism with that of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-induced inhibition of factor VIIa/TF. AT III alone and AT III/heparin to a greater extent reduced factor VIIa bound to cell surface TF. Our data show that the decrease in the amount of factor VIIa associated with cell surface TF in the presence of AT III was the result of (1) accelerated dissociation of factor VIIa from cell surface TF after the binding of AT III to factor VIIa/TF complexes and (2) the inability of the resultant free factor VIIa-AT III complexes to bind effectively to a new cell surface TF site. Binding of TFPI/factor Xa to cell surface factor VIIa/TF complexes markedly decreased the dissociation of factor VIIa from the resultant quaternary complex of factor VIIa/TF/TFPI/factor Xa. Addition of high concentrations of factor VIIa could reverse the AT III-induced inhibition of cell surface factor VIIa/TF activity but not TFPI/factor Xa-induced inhibition of factor VIIa/TF activity. 相似文献
59.
S.?Esposito S.?Leone M.?Bassetti S.?Borrè F.?Leoncini E.?Meani M.?Venditti F.?Mazzotta Bone Joint Infections Committee for the Italian Society of Infectious Tropical Diseases 《Infection》2009,37(6):478-496
Bone and joint infections are recognized as difficult-to-treat infections that result in significant morbidity and mortality
among patients and increased healthcare costs. This article presents the recommendations for the diagnosis and management
of osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infections in adults developed by Bone and Joint Infections Committee for the Italian
Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases. It contains data published through to November 2007. An evidence-based scoring
system that is used by the Infectious Diseases Society of America was applied to treatment recommendations. 相似文献
60.