磁共振弥散加权成像结合三维乳腺数字化断层摄影钙化分数在乳腺良恶性钙化病变鉴别中的诊断价值

  目的  评估磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）结合三维乳腺数字化断层摄影（DBT）钙化分数对于钙化征象在乳腺良恶性病变诊断的应用价值。  方法  回顾性分析我院118例行乳腺DWI检查和DBT检查的患者，DBT检查发现有钙化征象，其中乳腺癌患者51例，病理类型包括:浸润性导管癌、浸润性导管癌、导管原位癌、髓样癌、浸润性小叶癌、黏液腺癌；乳腺良性病变67例，病理类型包括:纤维腺瘤、腺病、导管内乳头状瘤。对所有患者DBT图像的钙化征象进行钙化评分并且测量相应病变区域的表观扩散系数（ADC）值，分析ADC值、钙化分数及二者联合在乳腺含钙化病变的诊断效能。  结果  乳腺癌组ADC值低于乳腺良性病变组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；钙化分数高于良性病变组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。ADC值对诊断乳腺良恶性病变的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.853，钙化分数对诊断乳腺良恶性病变的AUC值为0.855，采用Delong检验得出两种方法对诊断乳腺含钙化病变的良恶性诊断效能一致，差异无统计学意义（P=0.625）。两种方法（钙化分数+ADC值）的Logistic回归分析显示，两种方法相结合的AUC值为0.903，具有很高的诊断效能。将ROC曲线（钙化分数、ADC值、两种方法结合的预测概率）经两两Delong检验结果显示，两种方法结合的ROC与单一ROC的差异有统计学意义（P=0.041、0.022）。  结论  DWI与DBT钙化分数对于钙化征象在乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断效能无差别，两种方法相结合的诊断效能显著高于单一方法，为乳腺含钙化病灶的诊断与鉴别诊断中提供了更加可靠的依据。      

Gray platelet syndrome: Management of perioperative bleeding in redo cardiac surgery

Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare (<1/1 000 000) and inherited platelet function disorder characterized by macrothrombocytopenia, α-granule deficiency, and hemorrhages. Bleeding intensity does not correlate with platelet count nor with functional test results. We hereby describe the perioperative bleeding prevention and management of a patient with GPS requiring multiple redo cardiac surgeries.     

South African abortion attitudes from 2007-2016: the roles of religiosity and attitudes toward sexuality and gender equality

ABSTRACT

Abortion is legal in South Africa, but negative abortion attitudes remain common and are poorly understood. We used nationally representative South African Social Attitudes Survey data to analyze abortion attitudes in the case of fetal anomaly and in the case of poverty from 2007 to 2016 (n = 20,711; ages = 16+). We measured correlations between abortion attitudes and these important predictors: religiosity, attitudes about premarital sex, attitudes about preferential hiring and promotion of women, and attitudes toward family gender roles. Abortion acceptability for poverty increased over time (b = 0.05, p < .001), but not for fetal anomaly (b = ?0.008, p = .284). Highly religious South Africans reported lower abortion acceptability in both cases (Odds Ratio (OR)_anomaly = 0.85, p = .015; OR_poverty = 0.84, p = .02). Premarital sex acceptability strongly and positively predicted abortion acceptability (OR_anomaly = 2.63, p < .001; OR_poverty = 2.46, p < .001). Attitudes about preferential hiring and promotion of women were not associated with abortion attitudes, but favorable attitudes about working mothers were positively associated with abortion acceptability for fetal anomaly ((OR_anomaly = 1.09, p = .01; OR_poverty = 1.02, p = .641)). Results suggest negative abortion attitudes remain common in South Africa and are closely tied to religiosity, traditional ideologies about sexuality, and gender role expectations about motherhood.