Herausgabe von CT- und MRT-Aufnahmen im Original zur Prüfung von Schadensersatzansprüchen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Gesamtschuldnerausgleich im Arzthaftungsprozess

Abstrakt 1. Für eine gesamtschuldnerische Haftung für den Tod eines Patienten ist es grunds?tzlich ausreichend, wenn beide ?rzte durch ihre jeweiligen Behandlungsfehler nebeneinander kausal für den Tod des Patienten geworden sind. Es ist nicht erforderlich, dass der Zweitbehandler auf Untersuchungsergebnisse des Erstbehandlers zurückgegriffen hat oder in dessen Behandlungst?tigkeit eingebunden gewesen ist. 2. Einem entscheidungserheblichen Beweisantritt ist in Anlehnung an die in § 244 Abs. 3–5 StPO geregelten Gründe zur Ablehnung eines angebotenen Beweises unter Berücksichtigung der Besonderheiten des Zivilprozesses nicht nachzugehen, wenn das angebotene Beweismittel ungeeignet ist. 3. Von einer Ungeeignetheit des Beweismittels ist auszugehen, wenn die Krankenunterlagen als Begutachtungsgrundlage für die Erstellung eines medizinischen Sachverst?ndigengutachtens im Hinblick auf die ?rztliche Schweigepflicht des auf Schadensersatz in Anspruch genommenen Arztes nicht verwertet werden k?nnen. 4. Nach dem Tod eines Patienten sind mit Blick auf die H?chstpers?nlichkeit der Entscheidung über die Entbindung von der Schweigepflicht hierzu nicht die Erben berechtigt; vielmehr ist mangels einer Willens?u?erung des Patienten zu Lebzeiten dessen mutma?licher Wille zu erforschen. Sofern hierfür keine anderen Indizien zur Verfügung stehen, kann der beweisbelasteten Partei die Vorlage einer Schweigepflichtentbindungserkl?rung der Erben des verstorbenen Patienten aufgegeben werden, um so einen Anknüpfungspunkt für einen Rückschluss auf den mutma?lichen Willen des Verstorbenen zu haben. Kann die Kl?gerseite eine solche Schweigepflichtentbindungserkl?rung nicht vorlegen und liegen auch im übrigen keine hinreichenden Anhaltspunkte dafür vor, dass der verstorbene Patient eine Befreiung des beklagten Arztes von der Schweigepflicht gewünscht h?tte, ist die Klage ohne sachliche Prüfung abzuweisen. (Leits?tze des Bearbeiters)     

The cost of hospital-related care of patients with psoriasis in Italy based on the AISP study

The objective of this study was to assess the cost of caring for patients with psoriasis in Italy according to the AISP study (Associazione Italiana Studi Psoriasi or Italian Association for Studies on Psoriasis), involving 104 university and hospital centres and 7992 patients in 1994. The mean yearly cost of care for a single patient was calculated at 905 Euros. Hospitalization accounted for more than four-fifths of the costs, therapy for about one-eighth (systemic therapies were the most expensive) and office visits and day hospitals for the remainder. In our study series less than 20% of patients accounted for more than 90% of the total costs.     

短暂性脑缺血发作病因诊断的评估

短暂性脑缺血发作病因诊断的评估魏岗之缺血性脑血管意外是中国老人致死和致残的主要原因，短暂性脑缺血发作（ＴＩＡ）是脑血管意外的警告信号。其中约有１／３将发展为脑血管意外，一次ＴＩＡ预示有罹患脑血管意外的危险，因而能使医生在发病前进行干预。ＴＩＡ是由于血...     

Soluble kit receptor in human serum

c-kit encodes the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (Kit) for the recently described ligand stem cell factor (SCF). We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring soluble human Kit and we have used the assay to show high levels of soluble Kit in human serum. The distribution of soluble Kit levels was investigated among 112 normal human serum donors. The mean serum level (+/- SD) was found to be 324 +/- 105 ng/mL with the values falling between 163 ng/mL and 788 ng/mL. No correlation between soluble Kit levels and the sexes or ages of the donors was found. Partial purification using immunoaffinity chromatography allowed us to characterize the soluble Kit from pooled human serum. Antibodies generated to a 497-amino acid recombinant human soluble Kit corresponding to the N-terminal extracellular domain of the receptor recognized the serum-derived soluble Kit by immunoblotting. We found that the serum-derived soluble Kit is glycosylated, with mostly N- linked but also O-linked carbohydrate, and with terminal sialic acid residues. When compared with the recombinant human soluble Kit, the serum-derived material was similar both in size and glycosylation pattern. CNBr cleavage of the isolated serum-derived material followed by amino terminal sequencing confirmed the presence of five peptides expected for the extracellular portion of the Kit molecule. The immunoaffinity purified serum-derived soluble Kit inhibited binding of [125I]SCF to membrane-bound receptor in an in vitro assay. These results indicate that soluble Kit could modulate the activity and functions of SCF in vivo.     

A mortality cost of virginity at older ages in female Mediterranean fruit flies

Mortality rates were measured over the lifetime of 65,000 female Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata, maintained in either all-female (virgin) cages or cages with equal initial numbers of males, to determine the effect of sexual activity and mating on the mortality trajectory of females at older ages. Although a greater fraction of females maintained in all-female (virgin) cages survived to older ages, the life expectancy of the surviving virgins was less than the life expectancy of surviving non-virgins at older ages. This was due to a mortality crossover where virgin flies experience lower mortality than mated flies from eclosion to Day 20 but higher mortality thereafter. These results suggest that there are two consequences of mating--a short-term mortality increase (cost) and a longer term mortality decrease (benefit).     

Biodemography of a long-lived tephritid: reproduction and longevity in a large cohort of female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens

Age of sexual maturity, daily and lifetime reproductive rates, and life span were recorded in a laboratory cohort of Mexican fruit flies consisting of over 1100 females maintained individually. The results revealed that, relative to the medfly, the Mexfly is slower maturing (14 vs 17 days), more fecund (1400 vs 650-1100 eggs/female), and longer lived (50 vs 35 days). The results reinforced the generality of several earlier findings on the medfly including the deceleration of mortality at older ages and the weakness of the correlation between the rate of egg laying at early ages and both subsequent reproduction and remaining longevity. Discussion includes perspectives on the role of artificial selection in shaping the demographic traits of the mass-reared strain of Mexfly used in this study, as well as the overall significance of large scale biodemographic studies in understanding aging and longevity.