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11.
Elin Vimefall Mattias Persson Sara Olofsson Lars Hultkrantz 《The European journal of health economics》2022,23(2):261-275
The European Journal of Health Economics - This paper compares the value per statistical life (VSL) in the context of suicide prevention to that of prevention of traffic fatalities. We conducted... 相似文献
12.
Nicole E. Sharp MD FACS Darren B. Sachs DO Nicole M. Melchior DO Philip Albaneze MD FACS Salvatore Nardello DO Elin R. Sigurdson MD PhD FACS Mengying Deng MMath Allison A. Aggon DO FACOS John M. Daly MD FACS Richard J. Bleicher MD FACS 《The breast journal》2021,27(4):335-344
Prospective trials demonstrate that sentinel node (SN) biopsy after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has a significant false-negative rate (FNR) when only 1 or 2 SNs are removed. It is unknown whether this increased FNR correlates with an elevated risk of recurrence. Tumor Registry data at an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center were reviewed from 2004 to 2018 for patients having a negative SN biopsy after NACT. Among 190 patients with histologically negative nodes after NACT having 1 (n = 42), 2 (n = 46), and ≥3 (n = 102) SNs, axillary recurrences occurred in 7.14%, 0%, and 1.96% (p = 0.09), breast recurrences occurred in 2.38%, 6.52%, and 0.98% (p = 0.12), and distance recurrences occurred in 16.67%, 8.70%, and 7.84% (p = 0.27), respectively. Time to first recurrence did not differ by SN count (p = 0.41). After adjustment for age, race, clinical stage, and receptor status, there were no differences in the rates of axillary (p = 0.26), breast (p = 0.44), or distance recurrence (p = 0.24) by numbers of SNs harvested. Median follow-up was 46.8 months. Despite higher post-NACT FNRs reported in randomized trials for patients having <3 sentinel nodes, recurrence rates were not significantly different for 1 versus 2 versus ≥3 SNs. This suggests that patients having 1 or 2 post-NACT SNs identified may not necessitate axillary dissection. 相似文献
13.
Elin Lindhagen Pernille‐Julia Vig Hjarnaa Lena E. Friberg Scilla Latini Rolf Larsson 《Drug development research》2004,61(4):218-226
When a candidate drug enters clinical trials, decisions regarding dosing are mainly based on animal data. Occasionally, toxicity problems are faced in the clinic because of unexpected species differences in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics between humans and preclinical species. Fludarabine and topotecan are examples of such drugs. In the first clinical trials of the new agent CHS 828, the maximum tolerated dose was reached earlier than expected from animal data. This paper discusses the issue of species differences in the development of anticancer drugs, and preclinical models for detection and quantification of such differences. Pharmacokinetic and hematological toxicity data of CHS 828 from studies in rats and humans are presented. In vitro sensitivity to CHS 828 and some established cytotoxic agents was measured in lymphocytes from humans and rats and in a panel of human and rodent cell‐lines. 10–100 times higher CHS 828 exposure was tolerated by rats than by patients. In both in vitro cell systems, CHS 828 showed higher potency in human cells compared to rodent cells. A species difference was evident also for fludarabine, but not for doxorubicin and cisplatin. CHS 828 pharmacokinetics were similar across species. In conclusion, the lower tolerance of CHS 828 in humans than in rats could be detected in vitro in cultures of peripheral lymphocytes. Preclinical studies of species differences could help the interpretation of in vivo effect studies as well as the choice of starting dose for clinical trials. We suggest peripheral lymphocytes from different species as a potential model system for such studies. Drug Dev. Res. 61:218–226, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
14.
Tarja Anttila Leena Tenkanen Sonja Lumme Maija Leinonen Randi Elin Gislefoss G?ran Hallmans Steinar Thoresen Timo Hakulinen Tapio Luostarinen P?r Stattin Pekka Saikku Joakim Dillner Matti Lehtinen Matti Hakama 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2005,14(2):385-389
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the risk of prostate cancer by exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis. METHOD: Seven hundred thirty eight cases of prostate cancer and 2,271 matched controls were identified from three serum sample banks in Finland, Norway, and Sweden by linkage to the population based cancer registries. RESULTS: A statistically significant inverse association (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.94) was found. It was consistent by different serotypes and there was a consistent dose-response relationship. CONCLUSION: C. trachomatis infection is not likely to increase the risk of prostate cancer. Whether the inverse relationship is true or due to difficulties in measuring the true exposure in prostatic tissue by serology, confounders or other sources of error remain open. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma, erythrocyte, and mononuclear blood cell (MBC) magnesium concentrations in patients with chronic, severe hypomagnesemia due to a chronic magnesium-wasting tubulopathy.Six patients with Bartter's syndrome and five patients with magnesium-wasting tubulopathy were compared with normal subjects. We determined magnesium in plasma, erythrocytes, and MBCs.Patients with chronic magnesium-wasting tubulopathy had a significantly lower plasma magnesium concentration than controls, but erythrocyte magnesium concentration and MBC magnesium concentration and content did not differ significantly between patients and controls.Two disorders with chronic magnesium-wasting tubulopathies are associated with a low plasma magnesium concentration but normal erythrocyte and MBC magnesium. 相似文献
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17.
Several different analytical systems are available for biomedical elemental analysis related to human nutrition. The principle, detection limits, analytical artifacts, and applications are presented for the following analytical systems for elemental analysis classified by sample volume: macro volume systems—flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP); micro volume systems—electrothermal atomization (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETA-AAS) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF); and ultramicro volume systems—electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPX) and laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). 相似文献
18.
Pia Bükmann Larsen Elin Storjord Åsne Bakke Tone Bukve Mikael Christensen Joakim Eikeland 《Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation》2017,77(2):115-121
Regular measurement of prothrombin time as an international normalized ratio PT (INR) is mandatory for optimal and safe use of warfarin. Scandinavian evaluation of laboratory equipment for primary health care (SKUP) evaluated the microINR portable coagulometer (microINR®) (iLine Microsystems S.L., Spain) for measurement of PT (INR). Analytical quality and user-friendliness were evaluated under optimal conditions at an accredited hospital laboratory and at two primary health care centres (PHCCs). Patients were recruited at the outpatient clinic of the Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (n?=?98) and from two PHCCs (n?=?88). Venous blood samples were analyzed under optimal conditions on the STA-R®Evolution with STA-SPA?+?reagent (Stago, France) (Owren method), and the results were compared to capillary measurements on the microINR®. The imprecision of the microINR® was 6% (90% CI: 5.3–7.0%) and 6.3% (90% CI: 5.1–8.3) in the outpatient clinic and PHCC2, respectively for INR ≥2.5. The microINR® did not meet the SKUP quality requirement for imprecision ≤5.0%. For INR <2.5 at PHCC2 and at both levels in PHCC1, CV% was ≤5.0. The accuracy fulfilled the SKUP quality goal in both outpatient clinic and PHCCs. User-friendliness of the operation manual was rated as intermediate, defined by SKUP as neutral ratings assessed as neither good nor bad. Operation facilities was rated unsatisfactory, and time factors satisfactory. In conclusion, quality requirements for imprecision were not met. The SKUP criteria for accuracy was fulfilled both at the hospital and at the PHCCs. The user-friendliness was rated intermediate. 相似文献
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20.
There is now substantial evidence that the cytokine interleukin-17 orchestrates the accumulation of neutrophils in mammals
and thereby contributes to host defense. However, the role of IL-17 in controlling neutrophil turnover is not fully understood.
Here, we demonstrate that IL-17 stimulates the apoptosis of mouse neutrophils and, simultaneously, the release of the microbicidal
compound, myeloperoxidase. IL-17 also stimulates mouse macrophages to phagocytose aged neutrophils and latex beads, and it
induces an increase in a soluble form of the phagocytic receptor, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1
as well. In contrast, IL-17 does not markedly increase the release of the archetype neutrophil-recruiting cytokine, macrophage
inflammatory protein-2 in mouse macrophages. Importantly, IL-17 also stimulates the phagocytosis of latex beads in human monocyte-derived
macrophages. Thus, IL-17 bears the potential to control both phagocytosis and neutrophil turnover during activation of host
defense. 相似文献