军队大型综合性医院床位规模效益实证分析

目的分析我国军队大型综合性医院床位规模效益,指导医院改革。方法描述性分析我国20多年来大型综合性医院床位规模现状,运用对我国军队6所大型综合性医院床位规模效益进行分析。结果军队大型综合性医院总体效率较高,但存在投入过多或产出不足,导致部分医院低效率。结论随着社会经济的不断发展,医院床位规模的增长成为必然趋势。医院应根据区域卫生规划、病床的使用情况等因素调整规模。     

养老机构老年人健康素养与身体健康和心理健康状况的关系

目的了解养老机构老年人健康素养与身体健康、心理健康状况的关系,为进一步提高老年人身体健康和心理健康状况提供科学依据。方法于2011年9月至2012年6月,采用整群抽样法对新疆乌鲁木齐市、昌吉市、石河子市、克拉玛依市44所养老机构1396名老年人进行调查,将其中符合纳入标准的1452名老年人作为研究对象,发放健康素养量表、健康状况问卷及一般状况量表。结果单因素分析结果显示,养老机构老年人身体健康在性别、教育水平、家庭收入、婚姻状况方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;心理健康在教育水平、家庭收入、婚姻状况、曾经从事职业方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。进一步分析表明,教育水平低、家庭收入少及丧偶老年人身体健康、心理健康状况较差。养老机构老年人健康素养总分数为（71．74±28．35）分,4个维度分别为健康知识（32．49±16．88）分、健康信念（22．80±7．41）分、健康行为（9．60±3．91）分、健康技能（6．22±5．09）分,均处于较低水平。多元线性回归分析表明,养老机构老年人身体健康的独立影响因素有健康行为、教育水平、婚姻状况、曾经从事职业（P〈0．05）,心理健康的独立影响因素有健康行为、曾经从事职业、家庭人口数、健康技能、教育水平、婚姻状况（P〈0．05）。结论健康素养是影响老年人身体、心理健康状况的重要因素,提高老年人健康素养是促进老年人自我健康管理和健康状况的重要途径。     

健康教育在冠心病心绞痛患者中的应用

目的探讨健康教育在冠心病心绞痛患者中的临床价值。方法将100例冠心病心绞痛患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,根据病情、病程对观察组实施系统的健康教育,对照组给予传统的护理措施,比较两组的治疗效果、相关知识的知晓率以及患者满意度。结果观察组总有效率明显高于对照组．观察组的心绞痛知识、饮食知识及用药知识的知晓率均明显高于对照组患者,观察组的宣教满意度、态度满意度、操作满意度及结果满意度等评分亦明显高于对照组;差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论健康教育能显著提高冠心病心绞痛患者的临床疗效、相关知识掌握程度以及患者满意度。     

高三酰甘油腰围表型与糖尿病前期及2型糖尿病发病风险的关系

摘要：目的探讨高三酰甘油（TG）腰围表型与糖尿病前期及2型糖尿病（T2DM）发病风险的关系。方法从参与2011年4—11月四川省泸州地区2型糖尿病患者肿瘤发生风险流行病学调查研究的基线调查者中筛选出1 722例糖耐量正常者,以血TG≥1.7 mmol/L、男性腰围≥90 cm或女性腰围≥80 cm为切点,分为TG和腰围正常组（856例）、单纯高三酰甘油血症组（133例）、单纯腹型肥胖组（518例）、高三酰甘油血症-腰围表型（HTWC）组（215例）,行5年随访观察,比较各组间糖尿病前期及T2DM发病情况。结果随访5年后,1 722例糖耐量正常者中共445例发展为糖尿病前期,67例发展为T2DM。TG和腰围正常组、单纯高三酰甘油血症组、单纯腹型肥胖组、HTWC组糖尿病前期发病率分别为20.7%（177/856）、21.1%（28/133）、30.5%（158/518）、38.1%（82/215）,T2DM发病率分别为2.9%（25/856）、3.8%（5/133）、4.4%（23/518）、6.5%（14/215）。在调整了年龄、性别、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、收缩压、糖化血红蛋白后,多分类无序Logistic回归分析结果显示,HTGW表型人群的糖尿病前期及T2DM发病风险较正常组升高,其OR（95%CI）分别为1.961（1.387～2.773）与2.638（1.279～5.441）。结论HTWC表型是糖尿病前期及T2DM患病的危险因素,可作为筛选两者高风险人群的简便指标。     

Anaphylaxis: an update for dental practitioners

Anaphylaxis is an acutely presenting life‐threatening medical emergency. Surveys indicate that dentists feel inadequately able to recognize and treat anaphylaxis. This paper reviews the terminology and pathophysiology of anaphylaxis, and describes the recognition and initial management of anaphylaxis for dentists. Dentists should be able to administer intramuscular adrenaline during anaphylaxis at the appropriate dose. The role of further medical care is also explained. Six cases of anaphylaxis arising from dental oral maxillofacial surgery practice are discussed.     

环孢素 A 对大鼠牙槽骨内 DMP1 C 末端和 OPN 表达的影响

目的：观察环孢素A（cyclosporinA,CsA）对大鼠牙槽骨内牙本质基质蛋白1（dentinmatrixprotein,DMP1）C末端和骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）表达的影响。方法：30只7周龄健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机等分为对照组和实验组,每组再随机等分为20d、30d和40d3个亚组,实验组大鼠喂饲CsA（30mg／k·d）。免疫组化法染色下颌第一磨牙颊舌向石蜡切片,光镜下观察DMP1C末端和OPN在牙槽骨内的表达情况。结果：与对照组大鼠比较,实验组大鼠牙槽骨内DMP1C末端表达明显下调,OPN表达明显上调;在本实验周期内,上述变化随实验时间的延长而加重。结论：CsA影响大鼠牙槽骨内矿化相关非胶原蛋白DMP1C末端和OPN的表达,推测CsA可能抑制大鼠牙槽骨的矿化。     

小骨窗开颅术与骨瓣开颅术治疗高血压脑出血疗效比较

目的对小骨窗开颅术与骨瓣开颅术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效进行比较。 方法将从化市中心医院自2008年6月至2010年6月收治的56例高血压脑出血患者按随机数字表法分人观察组（行小骨窗开颅术,28例）与对照组（行骨瓣开颅术，28例），比较两组患者手术时间、住院时间、住院期间病死率、再出血发生率、并发症发生率及治疗后半年GOS评分。 结果观察组手术时间及住院时间明显短于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；观察组与对照组住院期间病死率分别为14.3％、25.0％，差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05)；观察组与对照组并发症发生率分别为25.0％、46.4％,差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05)；观察组治疗半年后GOS评估预后明显优于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；观察组与对照组再出血发生率分别为10.7％、14.3％，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论与骨瓣开颅术相比，小骨窗开颅术治疗高血压脑出血能明显降低病死率及并发症发生率，改善患者预后。     

咽鼓管上隐窝与胆脂瘤型中耳炎病程关系的影像学研究

目的 观察不同病程的胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者咽鼓管上隐窝的大小,探讨咽鼓管上隐窝的形态学改变与病程的关系.方法 采用颞骨薄层CT摄片方法,对胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者的咽鼓管上隐窝的大小进行测量.结果 患耳的咽鼓管上隐窝形态较正常耳小,不同病程的胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者患耳咽鼓管上隐窝形态(前后径、垂直径与高度)改变无显著差异(t检验,P＞0.05).结论 患耳咽鼓管上隐窝与正常耳相比,其较小的形态可能在疾病发生前已经存在,而非疾病的发展过程中形成.提示咽鼓管上隐窝的形态可影响胆脂瘤型中耳炎的形成.在胆脂瘤型中耳炎的手术治疗中,尤其是完壁式鼓室成形术中,应在术中扩大咽鼓管上隐窝,改善中耳气体引流通道,以期减少术后复发.     

94例缺血性脑卒中患者HLA基因表达分析

目的 探讨人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因遗传与缺血性脑卒中发病的关联.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-直接测序分型技术(PCR-SBT)对广东医学院附属南山医院2008年收治的94例缺血性脑卒中患者和同期122例正常对照者进行HLA-A、B、DRB1位点的等位基因分型.结果 缺血性脑卒中患者表达HLA-A位点16个等位基因,HLA-B位点32个等位基因,HLA-DRB1位点25个等位基因.患者组HLA-A*1102基因频率较对照组明显降低,HLA-A*1102与缺血性脑卒中呈负相关(RR=0.06,P=0.019).结论 JLA-A*1102与缺血性脑卒中呈易感负相关,提示HLA等位基因与缺血性脑卒中的发生存在遗传免疫关联,对该病具有临床预测意义.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene heredity and morbidity of cerebral infarction by a random survey on the allele expression of HLA-A, B and DRB1 seats of patients with cerebral infarction. Methods The genotypes of HLA-A, B and DRB1 alleles in 94 patients with cerebral infarction and 122 healthy blood donors were detected by polymerase chain reaction-sequencing based typing (PCR-SBT) method. Results Sixteen alleles in HLA -A locus,32 alleles in HLA -B locus and 25 alleles in HLA -DRB1 locus expressed themselves in these patients with cerebral infarction. The gene frequency of HLA -A*1102 in patients was lower than that in healthy controls, and negative association was found between HLA -A* 1102 allele and cerebral infarction (RR=0.06,P=0.019). Conclusion The research reveals susceptibility association of HLA -A*1102 with patients having cerebral infarction, displaying close genetic immunity correlation between HLA alleles and pathogenesis of cerebral infarction. So, the research in this paper is useful in the clinical prediction of this disease.     

Étayer les relations parents–enfants en groupe de jeux quand l’enfant souffre d’autisme ou de troubles envahissants du développement

The process of one's body mental integration depends notably on the quality of the first cares given to him/her in the beginning of his/her life in a reciprocal game of solicitations in his/her mothering surrounding. However, in autism and pervasive development disorders, the solicitations coming from the child are difficult to translate by parents. Then the sufferance of some parents settles in, from the fact that their child is different. This complicates the process of attachment, this threatens the homeostasis of the family system and then can threaten the required alliance with the family and the homeostasis of the therapeutic system. To prevent this we are looking to establish a partnership with these parents. Peter Pan is a playgroup bringing together children suffering of autism or pervasive development disorders with their parents. It is a part of the Mulhouse Psychotherapeutic Center for Children and Teenagers Daily Hospital, within the child–youthful psychiatrist sector 68I02 incorporated with the Rouffach Hospital (France). The project is a special adaptation to our public of the Calimusette and Pirouli^® Concept (parents–young children activities, around corporal and sensorial games). Peter Pan group's goal is to consolidate the relationship between child and parent notably by restoring a shared pleasure and the self-esteem in this bruised child–parent relationship. The designation “Peter Pan” refers to the child imaginary world and to the creativity potential that can immerged from interactions, where children and parents can learn together. The systemic inspired Structured Observation Model of the Children and Parents Interactions (MOSIPE^® in French) is one of our intervention resources. It's made of eight items: The existence of shared pleasure during the interactions, the possibility to benefit self-esteem from the interaction, child health, parent and child needs, how the interactions take place, the capacity to adapt when change occurs, which type of attachment, parents reactions from our restitution. We insist on the mimicry functions: To observe subtle signs, to get resonance with other with the goal to understand what he/her feels, to take contact with he/her and maintain it, to widen views, by introducing unobtrusively new element into the mimicry behavior, to develop subjectivity, to develop capacities to act. The meetings with our daily hospital colleagues are precious to maintain the homeostasis of the therapeutic system when developing its creativity and relevance. At Peter Pan playgroup, the bodily approach gives opportunities to get onto the relationship between a parent and his/her child in the most archaic dimension with their tonic, emotion, and affective components. All this work of observation, reading/decoding the psychomotor symptom, listening the sufferance of the parents, has enabled the parent to acquire what is required to decode, express ones needs and understanding to enable a better adjustment between each other. Supported in this way, parent recovers his/her parental function thanks the possibility to live shared pleasure and the self esteem in the interactions that restores their feeling of self efficacy and establishes identification ties with his/her child. He/her is recognized as an expert. This project is an answer to parents request to meet other parents that share common points: Having a disabled child who attends the daily hospital. Children come to the hospital with taxi, so parents do not have occasions to meet together, when other parents normally meet others waiting their children at the door of school. During the sessions we observed parents sharing advices to cope with problems, exchanging activities ideas, encouraging into ordeal. After some sessions parents have exchanged their addresses. In other words Peter Pan's Group has also functioned as a mutual aid group.