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A Mauskop BT Altura RQ Cracco BM Altura 《Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache》1994,14(1):24-28
The entity of chronic daily headache (CDH) is well documented, but is not included in the current classification. We divided patients with CDH into groups with and without migrainous features. This division resulted in clearly distinguishable syndromes of daily migrainous headaches (DMH) and daily tension-type headaches (DTH). Family history of headaches was more common in patients with DMH. Patients in both groups had a high incidence of caffeine or drug overuse. The clinical division into DMH and DTH was supported by our finding of a higher incidence of disturbed magnesium (Mg) metabolism in patients with DMH. Of 26 patients with DMH, 8 (30.8%) had low serum ionized, but not total, Mg levels, and 16 (61.5%) had high ionized calcium/magnesium ratios. The corresponding numbers for the 22 patients with DTH were 1 (4.5%) and 8 (30.4%). These new laboratory measurements offer possible biological markers for the diagnosis of different headache syndromes. 相似文献
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目的：观察早期限饲（出雏后两周隔天饲喂）对肉鸡脂质过氧化作用和抗氧化酶活性产生的长期影响，并通过与后期限饲（屠宰前两周隔天饲喂）比较，观察不同阶段限饲对肉鸡血清、肝脏、胸肌、腓肠肌丙二醛浓度、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响。方法：实验主要于2005—04／12在南京农业大学农业部动物生理生化重点开放实验室完成。实验分组：选取1日龄健康快三黄商品肉鸡100羽随机分为2组，对照组60羽，早期限饲组40羽。饲养至50日龄，从对照组随机选取20羽作为后期限饲组。实验处理：①早期限饲组，1-14日龄进行隔日限饲，以后自由采食。②后期限饲组，1～49日龄自由采食，50～63日龄进行隔日限饲。③对照组，全程自由采食。实验评估：记录每周体质量，检测14日龄对照组、早期限饲组，63日龄对照组、早期限饲组和后期限饲组血清、肝脏、胸肌、腓肠肌丙二醛浓度、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。结果：100羽实验动物均进入结果分析。①14日龄早期限饲组肉鸡血清、肝脏、胸肌和腓肠肌丙二醛浓度、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性与对照组相比差异无显著性。②63日龄时早期限饲组血清丙二醛浓度和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）；后期限饲组血清丙二醛浓度以及超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），而肝脏丙二醛浓度、胸肌超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05），腓肠肌各项指标与对照组相比差异无显著性。后期限饲组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于早期限饲组（P〈0．05）。后期限饲组肝脏丙二醛浓度显著低于早期限饲组，超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于早期限饲组（P〈0．05）。结论：早期及后期限饲均能增强63日龄肉鸡体内整体水平脂质过氧化作用和抗氧化酶活性，早期限饲对肉鸡脂质过氧化作用和血清抗氧化酶活性的即时影响表现不明显，但其影响可以持续到后期。 相似文献
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Alex NC Gosselt Arjen JC Slooter Pascal RQ Boere Irene J Zaal 《Critical care (London, England)》2015,19(1)
IntroductionAs evidence-based effective treatment protocols for delirium after cardiac surgery are lacking, efforts should be made to identify risk factors for preventive interventions. Moreover, knowledge of these risk factors could increase validity of etiological studies in which adjustments need to be made for confounding variables. This review aims to systematically identify risk factors for delirium after cardiac surgery and to grade the evidence supporting these associations.MethodA prior registered systematic review was performed using EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Cochrane from 1990 till January 2015 (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42014007371). All studies evaluating patients for delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using either randomization or multivariable data analyses were included. Data was extracted and quality was scored in duplicate. Heterogeneity impaired pooling of the data; instead a semi-quantitative approach was used in which the strength of the evidence was graded based on the number of investigations, the quality of studies, and the consistency of the association reported across studies.ResultsIn total 1462 unique references were screened and 34 were included in this review, of which 16 (47 %) were graded as high quality. A strong level of evidence for an association with the occurrence of postoperative delirium was found for age, previous psychiatric conditions, cerebrovascular disease, pre-existent cognitive impairment, type of surgery, peri-operative blood product transfusion, administration of risperidone, postoperative atrial fibrillation and mechanical ventilation time. Postoperative oxygen saturation and renal insufficiency were supported by a moderate level of evidence, and there is no evidence that gender, education, CPB duration, pre-existent cardiac disease or heart failure are risk factors.ConclusionOf many potential risk factors for delirium after cardiac surgery, for only 11 there is a strong or moderate level of evidence. These risk factors should be taken in consideration when designing future delirium prevention strategies trials or when controlling for confounding in future etiological studies.