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排序方式: 共有1114条查询结果,搜索用时 19 毫秒
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Shaw C Matthews RJ Perry SI Assassa RP Williams K McGrother C Dallosso H Jagger C Mayne C Clarke M;Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study Team 《BJU international》2002,90(3):205-215
OBJECTIVE: To develop a valid and reliable interviewer-administered questionnaire to measure the presence and severity of storage abnormality symptoms of incontinence, urgency, frequency and nocturia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were 930 men and women aged >/=40 years, taking part in a randomized controlled trial of a continence nurse practitioner (CNP) service. Criterion validity was tested by comparing questionnaire responses to 24-h pad test and 3-day urinary diary. Responsiveness was assessed by comparing questionnaire responses before and after treatment. Questions about urgency were investigated for construct validity in patients taking part in the trial who underwent urodynamic investigation (243). Test-retest and inter-rater reliability was measured at approximately 6 days in subjects recruited to an associated epidemiological study (104 and 102, respectively). RESULTS: The questionnaire responses showed significant associations with pad-test and diary measures. Questions about the severity of daytime incontinence performed better than those measuring night-time incontinence. The response categories of soaked, wet, damp and almost dry had better associations with the pad test than other measures of the severity of incontinence. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability was good for all questions, and all were responsive to change in symptoms, showing significant differences before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: There is a clear need for standardization of measurement using well-validated instruments. This interviewer-administered questionnaire is valid, reliable and sensitive to change in a wide range of severity of symptoms, and in both men and women aged >/=40 years. The questionnaire provides a useful assessment tool for primary and secondary care in research and clinical settings. 相似文献
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Brittain KR Perry SI Peet SM Shaw C Dallosso H Assassa RP Williams K Jagger C Potter JF Castleden CM 《Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation》2000,31(4):886-891
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To establish prevalence of urinary symptoms among community-dwelling stroke survivors and how these symptoms affected lives of these survivors compared with a nonstroke population. METHODS: The present study was a community-based postal survey in Leicestershire community, UK (that excluded institutional settings), that was designed to track stroke, urinary, and bowel symptoms and the effect of such symptoms on relationships, social life, daily activities, and overall quality of life. Subjects included 14 600 people who were living in the community and =40 years of age, randomly selected from the Leicestershire Health Authority Register. RESULTS: A 70% response rate was achieved with the return of 10 226 questionnaires. Prevalence of reported stroke was 4% (n=423). Prevalence of urinary symptoms was 34% (n=3197). Overall, stroke survivors had a higher prevalence of symptoms than the nonstroke population (64% to 32%, respectively). These symptoms were reported to have more of an effect on the lives of the stroke survivors compared with the nonstroke population even when adjusted for age and sex differences. This reported impact was not related to the stroke per se but to the severity of the urinary symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These data show a high prevalence of urinary symptoms among community-dwelling stroke survivors. These symptoms were reported to have considerable impact on the lives of stroke survivors, which needs to be taken into account in future research and clinical practice. 相似文献
47.
Identification and use of biomarkers in Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage diseases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J M F G Aerts C E M Hollak M van Breemen M Maas J E M Groener RG Boot 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2005,94(S447):43-46
The value of biomarkers in the clinical management of lysosomal storage diseases is best illustrated by the present use of plasma chitotriosidase levels in the diagnosis and monitoring of Gaucher disease. The enzyme chitotriosidase is specifically produced and secreted by the pathological storage macrophages (Gaucher cells). Plasma chitotriosidase levels are elevated on average 1000-fold in symptomatic patients with Gaucher disease and reflect the body burden on storage cells. Changes in plasma chitotriosidase reflect changes in clinical symptoms. Monitoring of plasma chitotriosidase levels is nowadays commonly used in decision making regarding initiation and optimization of costly therapeutic interventions (enzyme replacement therapy or substrate reduction therapy). A novel substrate has been developed that further facilitates the measurement of chitotriosidase in plasma samples. Moreover, an alternative Gaucher-cell marker, CCL18, has been very recently identified and can also be employed to monitor the disease, particularly in those patients lacking chitotriosidase due to a genetic mutation. There is a need for comparable surrogate markers for other lysosomal storage diseases and the search for such molecules is an area of intense investigation.
Conclusion: The use of biomarkers can provide valuable insight into the molecular pathogenesis of LSDs, such as Gaucher disease and Fabry disease. 相似文献
Conclusion: The use of biomarkers can provide valuable insight into the molecular pathogenesis of LSDs, such as Gaucher disease and Fabry disease. 相似文献
48.
PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate some important mechanical properties of an experimental silicone material (PM1) to assess its potential as a mouthguard material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hardness, tear strength, tensile properties, and energy absorption properties of the silicone material were determined and compared with those of 2 commercially available materials (Bioplast, a polyvinylacetate polyethylene, and Polyshield, a silicone). RESULTS: Bioplast was significantly harder than Polyshield and PM1. Polyshield was significantly harder than PM1. Bioplast had a significantly higher tear strength than both Polyshield and PM1. The tensile strength of Bioplast was significantly greater than that of Polyshield and PM1. PM1 had a significantly higher tensile strength than Polyshield. Bioplast had a significantly lower energy absorption capacity at 500 N than both Polyshield and PM1, with PM1 having a significantly higher value than Polyshield. At 1,000 and 1,500 N, Bioplast had a significantly higher energy absorption than both Polyshield and PM1. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that PM1 showed better energy absorption properties than Polyshield and better energy absorption properties than Bioplast at lower impact forces. PM1 was softer and had better tear and tensile properties than Polyshield. The results of the present study suggest that the new material has a good potential for use as a mouthguard material. 相似文献
49.
Antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha prevent increases in cell replication in liver due to the potent peroxisome proliferator, WY- 14,643 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:7
Bojes HK; Germolec DR; Simeonova P; Bruccoleri A; Schoonhoven R; Luster MI; Thurman RG 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(4):669-674
Several structurally dissimilar hypolipidemic drugs, plasticizers and
halogenated hydrocarbons induce peroxisomes in hepatocytes, and cause
hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma in rats and mice. The mechanism by
which these agents act is unknown, although recent studies have suggested a
link between increased cell proliferation and hepatic cancer caused by
peroxisome proliferators. Here, we demonstrate that neutralizing antibodies
to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) block increases in protein
kinase C and cell proliferation due to [4-
chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid (WY-14,643), a
hypolipidemic drug and potent peroxisome proliferator that causes tumors.
WY-14,643 moderately elevated the level of TNF alpha mRNA in the liver. TNF
alpha was detected immunohistochemically exclusively in Kupffer cells.
These results demonstrate that WY-14,643 acts as an indirect mitogen on
hepatocytes via TNF alpha. We propose that the Kupffer cell, a major source
of TNF alpha in the liver, is involved in the mechanism of the mitogenic
effect of WY-14,643.
相似文献
50.
Evaluation of attempted prevention of unexpected infant death in very high-risk infants by planned health care 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three hundred and ninety-six babies born in Sheffield between 1982 and 1990 identified as being at "very high risk" of unexpected infant death by means of a scoring system, received an intensive programme of health care including a case discussion between a paediatrician, the GP and the health visitor held in the family doctor's surgery, weekly visits from the health visitor and informal hospital admission. Significantly fewer sudden unexpected infant deaths occurred in this group than were expected by logistic regression anlysis or occurred in the best available control group with comparable scores ( p = 0.024). Problems in evaluation include identification of an adequate control population, ethical difficulties in introducing a controlled study when the programme is already perceived as effective, and the calculation of "expected death rates". The results of this study indicate that very energetic programmes of intervention may prevent some deaths in vulnerable infants. 相似文献