Status of Hilsa Fishery in Hooghly-Bhagirathi River System and Associated Coastal Waters of Northern Bay of Bengal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha, is a popular fish in northern Bay of Bengal and Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system in...     

Orem自理模式应用于慢性精神分裂症患者的护理

目的研究Orem自理模式应用于慢性精神分裂症患者的护理效果。方法将120例住院慢性精神分裂症患者按住院号的单双号随机分为实验组60例和对照组60例,在药物治疗的基础上,对照组按传统进行常规护理,实验组则根据病人病情发展阶段自理能力的不同,按Orem自理模式给予完全补偿、部分补偿和支持-教育。两组分别在入组时、入组8周末、出院时采用日常生活能力量表(ADL)、护士用住院病人观察量表(NOSIE)进行评定,出院后随访半年。结果实验组在社会能力、社会兴趣、个人卫生等积极因素的提高,退缩、激惹、抑郁等消极因素的恢复方面显著优于对照组(p<0.05或p<0.01)。躯体生活自理及工具性自理能力评分显著高于对照组及干预前(p<0.05或p<0.01)。随访半年再住院率实验组为20%;对照组为30%。结论应用Orem自理模式对慢性精神分裂症患者进行护理干预,能发掘患者自身护理潜能,提高其自我护理能力,使患者由被动护理变为主动参与自身护理,从而提高患者日常生活质量,促进其社会功能恢复,同时也减轻了家庭和社会的负担。     

Cytoprotective effect of arjunolic acid in response to sodium fluoride mediated oxidative stress and cell death via necrotic pathway

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of arjunolic acid (AA) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced cytotoxicity and necrotic cell death in murine hepatocytes. Dose-dependent studies suggest that incubation of hepatocytes with NaF (100mM) for 1h significantly decreased the cell viability as well as intracellular antioxidant power. Besides, NaF administration increased the activities of the membrane leakage enzymes and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species; decreased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, the glutathione (GSH) and total thiol contents; and elevated the level of oxidised glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxidation end products as well as protein carbonyl content. In addition to the oxidative impairments, fluoride exposure caused hepatic cell death mainly via the necrotic pathway as supported by the flowcytometric and DNA fragmentation analyses. Incubation with AA (100 microg/ml) both prior to and in combination with NaF almost normalized the altered activities of antioxidant indexes. AA treatment enhanced the cellular antioxidant capability and protected hepatocytes against NaF-induced cytotoxicity and necrotic death. The cytoprotective activity of AA was found to be comparable to that of a known antioxidant, vitamin C. Combining, data suggest that AA plays a protective role against NaF-induced cellular damage and prevents hepatocytes from necrotic death.     

Risk factors for development of dehydration in young children with acute watery diarrhoea: a case-control study

In a case-control study to understand the risk factors for development of life-threatening dehydration, a total of 379 children comprising 243 cases (moderate or severe dehydration) and 136 controls (non or mild dehydration) up to 2 years of age suffering from acute watery diarrhoea were studied. By univariate analysis, the presence of vibrios in stool, withdrawal of breast feeding during diarrhoea, not giving fluids, including oral rehydration solution (ORS), during diarrhoea, frequent purging (> 8/ day), vomiting (> 2/day) and undernutrition were identified as risk factors. However, by multivariate analysis after controlling for confounders, withdrawal of breast feeding during diarrhoea (odds ratio (OR) = 6.8, p < 0.00001) and not giving ORS during diarrhoea (OR = 2.1, p < 0.006) were identified as significant risk factors. The confounding variables which also contributed significantly to increasing the risk were age (≤ 12 months; OR = 2.7, p = 0.001), frequent purging (> 8/day; OR = 4.1, p < 0.00001), vomiting (> 2/day; OR = 2.4, p = 0.001) and severe undernutrition (%median <60 weight-for-age of Indian Academy of Paediatrics classification; OR = 3.1, p = 0.001). We feel that these findings will be useful for Global and National Diarrhoeal Diseases Control Programmes for formulating intervention strategies for preventing death due to diarrhoeal dehydration.     

Normal growth of nephrotic children during long-term alternate-day prednisone therapy

Statural growth has been evaluated in 20 prepubertal nephrotic children who received alternate-day prednisone therapy for a year at least. Bone age was assessed in 16 of these children after 1-4 years of therapy. During the follow-up 12 children showed variations in height standard deviation score (SDs) below 0.5, 7 gained more than 0.5 SDs and 1 lost 0.5 SDs. Bone age fell within the normal range for chronological age in all the children studied. On the while alternate-day prednisone therapy does not affect statural growth and bone maturation of children with lipoid nephrosis.     

Genetic association of alpha2-macroglobulin polymorphisms with AD in southern Italy

The authors investigated the segregation of two polymorphisms of the alpha2-macroglobulin gene (A2M-I/D and A2M-Ile1000Val) in patients with sporadic AD from southern Italy. The A2M-I and A2M-Val1000 alleles were more frequent in cases than in controls, and this effect was independent from the APOE-epsilon4 status as well as from the age at onset of AD. Moreover, subjects carrying the A2M genotype I/I-Val/Val had a threefold increase of risk for AD. These data support a population-based susceptibility for AD linked to A2M polymorphisms.