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1.
目的探讨胫骨高位双平面上行截骨与下行截骨治疗内翻型膝关节骨性关节炎的效果及步态分析。方法遴选出2017年1月至2019年6月因内翻型膝关节骨性关节炎住院患者32例,按手术方式分为胫骨高位双平面上行截骨组和下行截骨组,以观察两组患者的膝关节HSS评分、VAS评分、胫股角(FTA)、胫骨后倾角、InsallSalvati指数(髌骨高度)的变化,以及两组患者的步态时空参数、步态运动参数、步态运动力学参数变化。结果术后半年两组患者的HSS评分、VAS评分、胫股角、胫骨后倾角、Insall-Salvati指数组内与术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者术后半年的Insall-Salvati指数组间相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者步态时空参数包括步速、步频、步幅、步态周期比较中,术后半年组内各指标较术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者术后半年的步速、步幅组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者步态运动参数包括支撑相最大屈曲角度、支撑相最小屈曲角度、支撑相中期伸直角度、摆动相屈曲角度比较中,术后半年两组组内较术前比较各指标差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后半年组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者步态运动力学参数即内收力矩比较中,术后半年两组组内较术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后半年两组患者膝关节内收力矩组间相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胫骨高位截骨术能明显改善膝关节骨性关节炎患者步态,而胫骨高位双平面下行截骨对于保留髌骨高度更具有优势。  相似文献   
2.
《Orthopaedics and Trauma》2022,36(3):166-174
Shoulder replacement surgery has become the gold standard treatment for end-stage glenohumeral arthropathies in patients who are fit for surgical treatment. The options include anatomic total shoulder replacement, reverse total shoulder replacement and humeral hemiarthroplasty procedures. Whilst for some patients and some indications there is little debate, decision-making for older patients with osteoarthritis remains one of the hot topics in shoulder surgery. In this article we will explore the treatment options, outcomes, and controversies.  相似文献   
3.
《Orthopaedics and Trauma》2022,36(4):233-238
The application of stem cells, or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in trauma and orthopaedics has been growing quickly in the last few decades. MSCs can be applied in tissue regeneration because of their function as a ‘site-regulated drugstore’ as described by Caplan in their release of trophic and immunomodulatory agents to aid focal tissue regeneration. This has been applied to multiple orthopaedic conditions such as osteoarthritis, focal non-unions, osteonecrosis in the femoral head, and ligamentous injuries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current use of stem cell therapy in orthopaedics alongside the respective evidence. There is preliminary evidence that explores the use of MSCs in orthopaedic conditions which show promise and if developed successfully can positively impact patients whilst saving costs of surgery and minimizing risk. However the presence of low-quality clinical studies and a multitude of unregulated musculoskeletal stem cell therapy clinics that are not supported by the current evidence which is misleading public opinion and expectations. The development of MSCs has its challenges, such regulatory obstacles which can delay a development of a standardized method in preparing MSCs. Further studies with large patient populations and randomized control trials are required to support the use of stem cell treatment over currently available treatments.  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is increasingly prevalent in North American society. The significant societal burden it represents makes it essential to promote and target new treatments in earlier phases of the disease. Among others, subchondroplasty is a newly documented technique using calcium phosphate injection targeting the osteochondral lesions preceding KOA, also known as Bone Marrow Lesions (BMLs). This article aimed to review the existing literature on clinical and radiological outcomes of subchondroplasty in the treatment of BMLs in KOA.MethodA systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Studies on calcium phosphate injections into BMLs for KOA and its clinical and radiological outcomes were screened and reviewed by independent evaluators.ResultsAfter screening, ten articles were included, totaling 540 patients. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 7 years. Overall, the procedure showed significant functional and quality of life improvement, as well as pain relief, as shown by Patients-Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs). There were very few complications reported, the most important being leakage of calcium phosphate outside the targeted site. Conversion rate to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) ranged from 14 % to 30 % at 2 years post-procedure. Long term radiological outcomes have been poorly documented.ConclusionsSubchondroplasty is a promising avenue for the treatment of KOA. However, quality evidence is still required before any real conclusions and practical management guidelines can be drawn. Prospective, randomized studies with a control group and a rigorous assessment of long-term clinical and radiological outcomes are recommended.  相似文献   
5.
PurposeTo create a nonsurgical animal model of osteoarthritis (OA) to evaluate the effects of embolotherapy during geniculate artery embolization (GAE).Materials and MethodsFluoroscopy-guided injections of 700 mg of sodium monoiodoacetate were performed into the left stifle in 6 rams. Kinematic data were collected before and after induction. At 10 weeks after induction, Subjects 1 and 4–6 underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and Subjects 1, 3, and 4–6 underwent angiography with angiographic scoring to identify regions with greatest disease severity for superselective embolization (75–250-μm microspheres). Target vessel size was measured. At 24 weeks after angiography, DCE-MR imaging, angiography, and euthanasia were performed, and bilateral stifles were harvested. Medial/lateral tibial and femoral condylar, patellar, and synovial samples were cut, preserved, decalcified, and scored using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International criteria. The stifle and synovium Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score and Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study score were determined. The volume transfer constant (Ktrans) and extracellular volume fraction (ve) were calculated from DCE-MR imaging along the lateral synovial regions of interest.ResultsThe mean gross and microscopic pathological scores were elevated at 38 and 61, respectively. Mean synovitis score was elevated at 9.2. Mean pre-embolization and postembolization angiographic scores were 5 and 3.8, respectively. Mean superior, transverse, and inferior geniculate artery diameters were 3.1 mm ± 1.21, 2.0 mm ± 0.50, and 1.6 mm ± 0.41 mm, respectively. Mean pre-embolization and postembolization cartilage and synovitis scores were elevated at 35.13 and 73.3 and 5.5 and 9.2, respectively. The Ktrans/ve values of Subjects 4, 5, and 6 were elevated at 0.049/0.38, 0.074/0.53, and 0.065/0.51, respectively. Altered gait of the hind limb was observed in all subjects after induction, with reduced joint mobility. No skin necrosis or osteonecrosis was observed.ConclusionsA nonsurgical ovine animal knee OA model was created, which allowed the collection of angiographic, histopathological, MR imaging, and kinematic data to study the effects of GAE.  相似文献   
6.
目的 探究γ-分泌酶抑制剂Avagacestat通过抑制破骨细胞的形成及溶骨功能,抑制骨关节炎的进展。方法 提取6周龄C57鼠骨髓细胞诱导为巨噬细胞扩增培养,加入M-CSF及RANKL诱导后通过CCK8测定Avagacestat对该细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50),设置0、120、240 nmol/L 3种Avagacestat浓度组,对比破骨细胞形成实验、功能实验并检测3组细胞TRAP、C-fos、Cath-K等破骨相关基因的表达。建立LPS诱导关节炎实验动物模型,通过三维骨重建检测软骨下骨溶解情况、通过HE染色及TRAP染色检测破骨细胞分布情况。结果 在24、48、96 h 3个时间点,Avagacestat对破骨细胞的IC50分别为493、426、405 nmol/L。TRAP实验显示Avagacestat抑制破骨细胞形成,骨板骨吸收实验证实Avagacest抑制溶骨功能,且240 nmol/L浓度的Avagacestat对破骨细胞形成及功能的抑制显著高于120 nmol/L;RT-PCR结果提示,加药后溶骨相关基因TRAP、C-fos、Cath-K表达显著下降,差异具有统计学意义。LPS诱导的骨关节炎模型中三维骨重建及TRAP染色都表明破骨细胞数量显著增多、骨溶解增强,而Avagacestat对此有明显的抑制作用,表现为骨密度、骨小梁数量加药后增加、破骨细胞数量加药后减少,差异具有统计学意义。结论 Avagacestat抑制破骨细胞形成、溶骨相关基因表达及溶骨功能,因此可以作为治疗骨关节炎的潜在药物。  相似文献   
7.
8.
BackgroundProximal tibia vara has drawn interest since the concept of constitutional varus was introduced. Proximal tibia vara is a condition where the knee varus tilt the tibia condyle medially and shift the tibial articular surface medially. This condition affects medial proximal tibial angle measurements and the placement of the tibial implant in knee replacement surgery. Thus, it challenged the neutral knee arthroplasty alignment target because some people may present a proximal tibia vara. This study assesses the prevalence of the proximal tibia vara and the correlation to knee osteoarthritis grade.MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out from January 2021 to June 2021. Eighty-five limbs were included with the following inclusion criteria: knee osteoarthritis patients who received a long view lower extremity radiograph. The exclusions criteria were (1) patients who had undergone arthroplasty and lower extremity surgery before and (2) valgus knee deformity. The outcomes in this study were HKAA, MAD, TAD, MPTA, PTRP, LDFA, and PTS. Intraclass correlation (ICC) using two-way mixed was used to assess the reproducibility of the radiographic parameters. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the correlation between knee osteoarthritis grade and radiographs parameters (MAD and TAD).ResultA total 85 limbs from 52 patients were assessed in this study. Proximal tibia vara was found in 18 knees (21%.). The logistic regression was performed to assess the correlation between the severity of the knee osteoarthritis and radiographic parameters (MAD, TAD, LDFA, and PTS) with an overall p-value < 0.001 and pseudo-R2 = 0.29.ConclusionA significant portion of patients with knee osteoarthritis have proximal tibia vara, and it is a pre-existing condition. Since the pre-existing proximal tibia vara affects preoperative measurements, a long-standing lower extremity x-ray is recommended to be obtained as part of knee replacement preparation.  相似文献   
9.
目的:探讨脉冲电磁场通过Wntβ-catenin信号转导机制改善膝骨关节炎大鼠炎症反应的机制。方法:选取90只SD大鼠,均分为正常组、模型组和脉冲电磁场组,除正常组,其余各组均构建膝骨关节炎模型。测定各组大鼠局部皮温、膝关节周径和Lequesne MG评分;采取甲苯胺蓝染色进行Mankins评分;Western Blot检测软骨细胞凋亡调控蛋白Caspase-3和Caspase-8水平;ELISA法测定滑膜IL-1β、MMP-13、TNF-α表达;并检测Wnt和β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达差异;检测大鼠线粒体膜电位。结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠膝关节局部皮温、膝关节周径、Lequesne MG评分、Mankins评分、Wntβ-catenin表达以及滑膜IL-1β、MMP-13、TNF-α水平均上调(P<0.05);与模型组比较,脉冲电磁场组膝关节周径、Lequesne MG评分,Mankins评分、Wntβ-catenin表达以及滑膜IL-1β、MMP-13、TNF-α水平均下调(P<0.05)。相较于正常组,其余2组的关节软骨线粒体膜电位均有所下调。与模型组相比,脉冲电磁场组线粒体膜电位有所上调,脉冲电磁场组优于模型组。结论:脉冲电磁场能抑制膝骨关节炎模型大鼠炎症反应,有效修复软骨损伤,降低炎症因子表达,抑制Wntβ-catenin信号转导。  相似文献   
10.
目的探讨坚骨胶囊联合关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征的临床疗效。 方法选择河北省沧州中西医结合医院2018年1月至2021年5月收治的80例肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分成观察组与对照组各40例。对照组给予关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗;在此基础上,观察组口服坚骨胶囊治疗。连续治疗6个月后采用顾玉东建议的肘管综合征功能评定标准进行疗效评定。治疗前后对两组患者进行Mayo肘关节功能评分(Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS)、视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分,测量肘关节活动度,进行肌电图检查。并统计两组患者副反应情况。 结果观察组肘管综合征功能评定优良率为75.00%(30/40),与对照组的52.50%(21/40)相比显著升高(P<0.05)。两组治疗后MEPS评分均较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05),疼痛VAS评分均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05);且治疗后,观察组MEPS评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后肘关节旋前度数、旋后度数以及屈伸度数均较治疗前显著增加(P<0.05),且均以观察组改善更显著(P<0.05)。两组治疗后尺神经神经传导速度(nerve conduction velocity,NCV)、小指展肌复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)均较治疗前显著增加(P<0.05),小指展肌运动诱发电位潜伏期(motor evoked potential latent period,MEPLP)均较治疗前显著缩短(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组尺神经的NCV、小指展肌的CMAP显著高于对照组(P<0.05),小指展肌的MEPLP显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。所有对象均无明显副反应发生。 结论坚骨胶囊联合关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征能安全有效地改善患者的手、肘功能,提高关节活动度,减轻疼痛程度。  相似文献   
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