基于高通量测序技术研究药食两用薏苡仁中污染真菌多样性

目的:调查药食两用薏苡仁中污染真菌多样性,为其安全使用提供参考依据。方法:收集薏苡仁样品18批,提取真菌DNA并扩增ITS2序列,基于Illumina MiSeq PE250平台进行高通量测序。结果:共检测到4门18纲44目99科149属的真菌,子囊菌门Ascomycota是最优势菌门,镰刀菌属Fusarium(3.05%~60.32%)是属水平最优势属,其次是曲霉属Aspergillus(2.20%~45.44%)、白僵菌属Beauveria(0.07%~63.21%)、链格孢属Alternaria(0.80%~11.92%)、Arachnomyces(0.03%~39.36%)和青霉属Penicillium(0.24%~8.03%)。此外,共检测到5种潜在产毒真菌,分别是烟曲霉A.fumigatus、土曲霉A.terreus、梨孢镰刀菌F.poae、囊状青霉P.capsulatum和展青霉P.paxilli。结论:高通量测序技术可以快速有效地检测薏苡仁中污染真菌种类,为薏苡仁污染真菌毒素提供风险预警。     

茶饮的内涵及现实意义

除山茶科植物来源的传统茶叶外,市场上还广泛流通着许多口感不错的药食同源的别样茶。传统茶和别样茶统称为茶饮。梳理了茶饮的发展历程,丰富其内涵及多样性,突出其"治未病"和慢病防治的功效,探明部分功能分子基础,明确其临床应用价值,展望其未来发展方向。茶饮作为"健康中国"的重要载体,具有大规模市场开发的广阔前景,可以更好地为人民群众健康服务,同时亟须提供更精准的科学依据。     

Particle engineering/different film approaches for earlier absorption of meloxicam

Meloxicam (Mel) is a non-steroidal potent anti-inflammatory drug with effective analgesic effect for various situations; e.g. postoperative pain. The early systemic exposure to Mel and hence the rapid onset of pharmacological action is limited by its poor water solubility; a situation which may be more pronounced during acute pain episode because of reduced gastric motility that affects disintegration and dissolution of solid dosage forms. To overcome delayed absorption of Mel, improvement in the dissolution behavior of Mel is essential. Firstly, Mel spherical crystalline agglomerates (SCA) were prepared. Secondly, selected Mel SCA were integrated into intraoral fast disintegrating (OF) and edible (EF) films, they possess larger surface area that leads to rapid disintegration and release of the drug into the oral cavity within seconds and hence a rapid onset of action could be achieved. Stability study of formulations resulting in faster and higher extent of dissolution and suitable mechanical properties (G3 and G12) revealed their physical and chemical stability after three months of storage under different conditions. Both G3 and G12 successfully offered rapid absorption rate and accordingly an earlier systemic exposure to Mel compared to Mobic tablets as revealed by significantly earlier T _max and higher AUC_0–0.5h and AUC_0–4h. T _max following G3 fast disintegrating film administration was comparable to that reported following Mel parenteral administration but avoiding patient inconvenience. Both films may be suitable alternative to conventional oral and intramuscular Mel especially when earlier onset of action is required (in acute conditions).     

药食心葆汤对心血瘀阻证冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸及凝血功能的影响

目的:观察药食心葆汤联合西药治疗冠心病的临床疗效及其对血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)水平凝血功能的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年1月于郑州市中医院心内科入院治疗并确诊为心血瘀阻证的冠心病患者200例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,对照组102例,观察组98例,对照组患者采用常规西药治疗,观察组在此基础上联合药食心葆汤治疗,药物干预治疗8周,比较两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY),凝血功能[凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT),部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT),纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)]等指标。结果:治疗后观察组患者凝血功能、血清HCY水平改善程度优于对照组(P0.05);观察组可明显降低CHD患者血清HCY水平(P0.05),调节患者的凝血功能(P0.05),组间比较显示两组有明显差别,特别是在改善凝血功能方面,观察组明显优于对照组(P0.05),对照组治疗前后各项指标没有统计学差异。结论:药食心葆汤联合西药治疗冠心病的临床疗效确切,能有效降低CHD患者HCY水平、调节凝血功能,值得临床推广使用。     

Combined enzymatic hydrolysis and herbal extracts fortification to boost in vitro antioxidant activity of edible bird’s nest solution

Objective Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a popular traditional tonic food in Chinese population for centuries. Malaysia is one of the main EBN suppliers in the world. This study aims to explore the best strategy to boost the antioxidant potential of EBN solution. Methods In this study, the raw EBN (4%, mass to volume ratio) was initially enzymatic hydrolyzed using papain enzyme to produce EBN hydrolysate (EBNH), then spray-dried into powdered form. Next, 4% (mass to volume ratio) of EBNH powder was dissolved in ginger extract (GE), mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and cinnamon twig extract (CTE) to detect the changes of antioxidant activities, respectively. Results Results obtained suggest that enzymatic hydrolysis significantly reduced the viscosity of 4% EBN solution from (68.12 ± 0.69) mPa.s to (7.84 ± 0.31) mPa.s. Besides, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total soluble protein, DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were substantially increased following EBN hydrolysis using papain enzyme. In addition, fortification with GE, MLE and CTE had further improved the TPC, TFC, DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP of the EBNH solution. Among the samples, MLE-EBNH solution showed the most superior antioxidant potential at (86.39 ± 1.66)% of DPPH scavenging activity and (19.79 ± 2.96) mmol/L FeSO4 of FRAP. Conclusion This study proved that combined enzymatic hydrolysis and MLE fortification is the best strategy to produce EBN product with prominent in vitro antioxidant potential. This preliminary study provides new insight into the compatibility of EBN with different herbal extracts for future health food production.     

燕窝DNA条形码的鉴定研究

应用Cytb序列对燕窝进行DNA条形码(DNA barcodes)研究,为燕窝的溯源研究及全面评价燕窝质量提供理论依据。以马来西亚、印度尼西亚、越南、泰国等地的燕窝,共计39个样本为研究对象,提取基因组DNA,扩增Cytb序列并双向测序。采用MEGA 7.0软件,对39条样本序列及36条从Gen Bank中下载5种金丝燕的Cytb序列进行序列特征分析,基于Kimura双参数法计算序列种内、种间遗传距离,构建NJ和UPGMA系统聚类树进行分析。研究结果表明,39个样本共来源于3个不同的金丝燕物种。Cytb序列种间变异显著大于其种内变异,可以准确地区分不同种类的燕窝。所构建的NJ和UPGMA系统发育树,也能将全部物种区分开。表明基于Cytb序列的DNA条形码技术可用于准确快速地鉴别燕窝的生物基原。     

基于ND2基因序列的燕窝DNA条形码鉴别

目的:利用DNA条形码鉴定技术,快速、准确地鉴别不同种类及产地的燕窝,为该药材的质量评价提供参考。方法:提取不同产地及品种燕窝的DNA,对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氧酶亚单位2(ND2)部分序列进行扩增和测序,利用软件MEGA6.0进行序列比对,分析变异位点,计算Kimura-2参数遗传距离,构建邻接(neighbor-joining,NJ)系统发育树。结果:NJ系统发育树显示31个官燕窝样品均与爪哇金丝燕Aerodramus fuciphagus聚为1支;1个毛燕窝样品与大金丝燕A.maximus聚为1支。但官燕窝中经细胞色素b(Cytb)鉴定生物基原为爪哇金丝燕亚种(淡腰金丝燕A.fuciphagus germani)的8个样品单独聚为1支,支持率82%,并在该段ND2序列表现为2个位点的差异,表明该段ND2序列可鉴别爪哇金丝燕的亚种。结论:ND2条形码可用于快速、准确地鉴别燕窝的生物基原。     

Nutritional composition of Plantago species (P. Major L., P. Lanceolata L., and P. Media L.)

Analyses of the nutrients are given for the leaves of wild Plantago major L., P. lanceolata L. and P. media L., from different locations of the southeast of Spain. The proximate composition, mineral elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and P), fatty acids, vitamins (vitamin C and carotenes), nitrate and oxalic acid were determined. The results show the low proportion of available carbohydrates, ranging from 1.99 g (P. major) to 2.81 g (P. lanceolata) (per 100 g fresh weight). Oxalic acid was found in low amounts, between 33.5 mg (P. media) and 88.2 mg (P. lanceolata) (100 g f wt). P. major had the highest amounts of vitamin C (45.1 mg/100g f. wt.) and calcium (108mg/100g f. wt.). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were high in all species, ranging from 38.97% (P. media) to 46.07% (P. lanceolata). Nutrient ratios (K/Na; Ca/P and oxalic acid/Ca) were found to be favourable in most cases.     

印尼白燕窝对免疫低下模型小鼠免疫调节作用的研究

目的研究燕窝对小鼠免疫机能的调节作用。方法给昆明种小鼠连续皮下注射氢化可的松建立免疫机能低下模型,用四种不同浓度印尼白燕匀浆灌胃小鼠28 d,分别测定小鼠的免疫器官指数、血清溶血素水平、迟发型变态反应和腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬能力。结果燕窝匀浆能显著提高免疫低下模型小鼠脾脏指数(P<0.01)和胸腺指数(P<0.05和P<0.01);提高小鼠血清溶血素含量(P<0.01)和迟发型变态反应水平(P<0.01);显著促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率(P<0.05和P<0.01)和吞噬指数(P<0.01)。结论对于免疫机能低下小鼠,燕窝能提高机体的体液免疫、细胞免疫和非特异性免疫功能,对机体特异性及非特异性免疫机能具有显著调节作用。     

2004—2010年保山市居民户食用盐碘含量变化趋势分析

目的探讨2004—2010年保山市居民户食用盐中碘含量的长期变化趋势,为适时采取有针对性地防治措施和科学调整干预策略提供参考。方法依据《全国碘盐监测方案》,利用2004—2010年碘盐监测、检测资料,分析全市居民户食用盐中居民合格碘盐食用率、碘盐合格率、非碘盐率及其变化趋势。结果 7年来全市共采集了10090份居民户食用盐,其中检出碘盐9997份(居民户合格碘盐食用率为97.06%,碘盐合格率为97.96%),非碘盐93份(非碘盐率为0.92%);居民户合格碘盐食用率2005—2010年均高于2004年,但自2005年之后开始呈下降趋势;2004—2010年碘盐合格率在95.82%～98.16%之间波动,保持相对稳定。总体上看居民户合格碘盐食用率、碘盐合格率均在90%以上。非碘盐率2005—2009年各年均低于2004年水平(1.88%),2005—2007年非碘盐率均低于0.5%,2007年之后逐年上升,在2010年非碘盐率达2.15%。以2004年为参照,2005—2010年居民户合格碘盐食用率、碘盐合格率、非碘盐率与之比较,各年的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论居民户合格碘盐食用率及碘盐合格率总体上达到了国家标准,但仍然存在不稳定现象,特别是非碘盐率呈先下降后上升的波动趋势,因此,应在常规监测的基础上,及时发现问题所在,加强食盐生产、流通和上市的监督管理,遏制不法渠道流通非碘盐,净化盐业市场。