“白汤”实物考辨与方剂学意义探析＊

本文简要概述两宋煎点茶汤、以茶入药之俗，并以四君子汤为例对《太平惠民和剂局方》所载“白汤”实物及其方剂学意义进行探讨。《太平惠民和剂局方》所记载“白汤”在方剂的运用中具有一定的规律性，笔者粗考两宋药事、茶事民俗，认为《太平惠民和剂局方》所载“白汤”或为两宋时期冲点团茶。四君子汤中虽无“大行气”之品，然得“白汤”之助却获“大行气”之用。诸家或循此“以茶入药”之实践，终成四君子汤后世“行补兼施，补而不滞”之衍化。     

李中玉治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎经验

浆细胞性乳腺炎诊治关键在于早期明确诊断,早期治疗,只要方法得当,可以使肿块消散或病变局限,为根治手术创造最佳时机。李老师特别强调,脓肿一定要等到肿块较为局限,波动应指明显时方可切开,切开脓肿术口要与肿块等长,尤其要将大导管病变位置切开,直至乳头。切开脓肿后,最好掺一些(适量)具有腐蚀作用的红升丹,并随坏死组织的多少,新生肉芽的好坏,掺用生肌敛口药,外贴传统太乙膏药更好。对溃疡瘘管期,一是选择清创手术要掌握好时机,只要肿块局限,好坏组织边界清楚,即便仍有炎症样红肿、溃疡,只要清创后不太影响乳房形态,就可以实施清创术,切除范围大者可以行腺体重新分布整形,有乳头凹陷者一并整形,结合压垫法包扎。     

麴糵的药物理论与应用

取象比类是中国传统的思维方式,物有其象则类比而得其用。麴类的酿造有湿热熏蒸、生霉腐烂、发酵熟透成麴的过程;以麴酿酒、酿醋的制作则有汤沸麴发、消化米谷、熟透成糟粕与精液的过程;酿酱、酿豉、酿菹无不以麴作魂,腐而生香;以糵造饧则萌芽而消化谷物为甘汁。中医学的人体结构理论源自解剖,对生命现象脏腑功能的解读则是取象比类式的聆听与意会。麴糵类酿造过程,类比于人身,则五谷水液进入人体后产生气血津液和糟粕,脾胃承担了腐熟水谷的功能,故麴糵能健脾胃,助消化。糵为五谷芽,其升发之象与肝及春天相应,故能升发疏肝。糵可酿醴、酿酱、作饧,可使五谷、鱼肉软化,麴酿产气,使块垒疏松成孔洞且腐熟液化,故均可化坚积。浸麴汤沸,酝酿生热,故麴性热。     

The use of home brew in Pacific Islands countries and territories

ABSTRACT

This review examines what is known about the production and use of home brew in the Pacific Islands countries and territories. Data collection involved interviews of 78 men and women from the Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Toga, and Tuvalu. The interviews were conducted in 2013 by local interviewers. The questions fell into four key areas: people’s history of home-brew consumption, the reasons for home-brew use, the effects of home brew, and people’s perceptions about home brew. An open ethnographic approach revealed that males are the main consumers of home brew, that home brew is consumed in private venues by those with low socioeconomic status, and that there are positive and negative outcomes associated with the use of home brew. Finally, policy implications of the findings are included in this article.