La place de l’informatique dans l’activité transfusionnelle et son évolution – Panorama 2013

It is now hard to think of blood transfusion activities without data processing. Blood transfusion centers are unable to work without it since a long time. Its necessity in hospital blood banks is following the same pattern. Electronic data interchange between them is growing because of their high interdependence. A lot has already been done and works routinely. But a lot remains to be done, due to continuous evolution of computer science and blood transfusion itself.     

自建检测系统与目标检测系统检测结果一致性的方法探讨

目的通过对不同检测系统问常规生化测定结果进行方法学比对和偏倚评估，探讨实现在Beckman LX20全自动生化分析仪上原装试剂与国产试剂测定结果一致性的方法。方法在Beckman LX20原装试剂检测系统上对新鲜混合血清定值后校准自建检测系统，经校准验证有效后，在自建检测系统上对日常校准品进行定值，用新的校准值校准自建检测系统，经校准验证后，与原装试剂检测系统进行检测结果的比对分析，以评估自建检测系统与目标检测系统检测结果的偏倚是否在可接受范围内。结果在标准品重新定值前，10个常规生化检测项目在自建检测系统与目标检测系统之问依项目的不同而存在不同程度的偏差；重新定值后，自建检测系统与目标检测系统的偏倚明显减小，两者具有较好的一致性。结论校准和校准验证是实现自建检测系统量值溯源性和可比性的有效途径，通过校准品重新定值，国产试剂与原装试剂可达到临床意义的一致性结果。     

深圳市新分离两株基孔肯雅热病毒的分子遗传学分析

目的 对2010～2012年深圳市报告的两起输入性基孔肯雅热病原体进行分子遗传学分析.方法 利用C6/36细胞从病人血清中分离基孔肯雅病毒(Chikungunya virus,CHIKV),对分离得到的CHIKV进行全基因组测序和构建系统发生树,结合流行病学资料对其分子遗传特征进行分析.结果 成功分离得到两株CHIKV,分别命名为SZ_20101028和SZ 20120702,SZ_20101028全基因组长为12377bp,SZ_20120823全基因组长为11893bp;构建系统发生树分析,结果表明,SZ_20101028是印度洋亚型,ECSA型的后裔.SZ_20120702为Asian亚型.结论 SZ_20101028与最近10年来在印度洋岛屿爆发流行新亚型且与2010年由输入性引发起东莞疫情爆发的毒株亲源性最高,为99％;而SZ_20120702为Asian亚型,不是近年来爆发流行株.     

Chemotype and genotype combined analysis applied to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) analytical traceability

A large number of fresh fruits and vegetables are primary sources of antioxidants; tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is accepted worldwide as a significant source of antioxidant functional compounds (vitamin C, lycopene, rutin). Many cultivars and hybrids of tomato, having different chemical and nutritional characteristics, are available on the market. Tomato cultivars for industrial processing are very different, not only in fruit characteristics (size, shape), but also in lycopene and antioxidant contents. The aim of this study was the chemotyping and genotyping of the tomato varieties Heinz 3402, Leader and Perfectpeel, (1) to evaluate the genetic traceability of these varieties, and (2) to determine whether their functional antioxidants compounds are useful markers of traceability. Principal component analysis (PCA) was first applied to the Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints, confirming that this approach is a powerful identification method at intra-specific level. Heinz 3402 showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by Perfectpeel and Leader varieties. Perfectpeel showed the lower lycopene content, while Leader and Heinz 3402 showed significantly higher values (13.68 and 15.78 mg/100 g, fresh weight, respectively). The highest rutin content was observed in Heinz 3402 (12.46 ± 0.69, mg/100 g, fresh weight), followed by Leader (7.87 ± 0.72) and Perfectpeel (2.70 ± 0.68). Antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the lycopene and rutin content. Finally, PCA was applied to chemotype data-sets, confirming both mineral content and functional antioxidant compounds as useful markers to unambiguously identify these high-lycopene content varieties.     

物流全程动态监管模式在口腔颌面外科高值耗材管理中的应用探讨

目的：实现口腔颌面外科高值耗材全程动态监管模式,解决口腔颌面外科高值耗材无法准确实现双向追溯的问题。方法：基于供应链管理的思想,梳理口腔颌面外科高值耗材入库、出库管理流程;依托现代化信息系统的设计,利用条形码在各操作环节之间进行关联。结果：口腔颌面外科高值耗材物流全程动态监管模式符合口腔医院特点,取代原有的手工、粗放的静态管理模式,实现了口腔颌面外科高值耗材精细化管理。结论：口腔颌面外科高值耗材管理在物流、信息流和资金流方面的整合,可实现采购、入库验收、出库使用、销毁及盘点的物流全程动态管理和双向追溯。     

Traceability and calibration in temperature measurement: a clinical necessity

Patient temperature is a fundamental physiological measurement used primarily for observation and diagnosis, for example during surgery, intensive care, recuperation, or treatment. A variety of thermometers are used clinically and these can be separated into two categories, either contact (oral thermometers, rectal thermometers and temporal strips), or non-contact (ear thermometers, temporal thermometers and thermal imagers). To have the maximum confidence in the clinical performance of the temperature measurement instrument it is strongly desirable that the device be traceably calibrated to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Lack of traceable calibrations accredited to ISO17025 can lead to unreliability in temperature measurement and in some cases can have a deleterious effect on patient care. The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) maintains and disseminates the ITS-90 for contact and non-contact thermometry in the UK. The importance of accredited traceable calibrations and an outline of contact and non-contact thermometry standards are given here.     

口腔器械纳入消毒供应中心全程质量追溯管理的探讨

目的探讨口腔器械纳入消毒供应中心进行全程质量追溯管理,以提高口腔医疗质量和感染控制水平。方法口腔器械纳入消毒供应中心集中管理,消毒供应中心按标准化流程进行器械回收、分类、清洗、消毒、干燥、器械检查与保养、包装、灭菌、储存、无菌物品发放,完善质量控制过程的相关记录,实施全程质量追溯管理。结果集中处理口腔器械包129 700个,施行相应口腔治疗及手术67 800例,口腔器械清洗、消毒、灭菌质量合格,记录具有可追溯性,器械装配符合要求。结论将口腔器械纳入消毒供应中心实行全程质量追溯管理,有效地保障了器械使用安全,预防与控制医院感染,是举证的重要依据。     

医学装备物资溯源管理系统持续评估与改进的效果分析

目的:研究医学装备物资溯源管理系统持续评估与改进的效果。方法:选取医院151名设备使用管理相关人员,按照医学装备管理方法的不同将其分为观察组(74名)和对照组(77名),观察组采用医学装备物资溯源管理系统的管理模式,对照组采用传统设备管理模式。采用自制满意度调查问卷的方法,调查两组对医学装备管理的满意度,对比分析两组对医学装备管理的中长期效果评价、运营绩效和管理满意度。结果:观察组医学装备管理的中期优良率为91.89%,长期优良率为94.59%,明显高于对照组的79.22%和81.82%,差异有统计学意义(x~2=6.495,x~2=7.837;P<0.05);观察组医学装备管理的满意度为95.95%,明显高于对照组的83.12%,差异有统计学意义(x~2=8.784,P<0.05);观察组平均操作时间、无关操作时间和差错流程数均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=16.620,t=31.638,t=15.745;P<0.05)。结论:医学装备物资溯源管理系统对医学装备管理的中长期效果显著,能够缩短管理操作时间、减少差错流程、提高管理水平和保护患者权益,可实现医学装备全生命周期的信息化管理。