精神分裂症患者治疗过程中Hcy水平与血糖、血脂水平的关系

目的探讨精神分裂症患者治疗过程中同型半胱氨酸水平与糖脂代谢变化的关系。方法选择2018年1～12月在我院诊断治疗的精神分裂症患者35例为研究对象,根据Hcy水平分为Hcy正常组(19例)与Hcy升高组(16例)。比较两组入组时与治疗4周后FBG、2hPBG、TG、TC水平,分析治疗后Hcy水平与FBG、2hPBG、TG、TC的相关性。结果入组时,Hcy升高组FBG、2hPBG、TG、TC水平高于Hcy正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Hcy升高组治疗4周后FBG、2hPBG、TG、TC水平高于入组时及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗4周后Hcy正常组FBG、2hPBG、TG、TC水平与入组时比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Hcy水平与FBG呈正相关(r=0.835)。Hcy水平与2hPBG呈正相关(r=0.857)。Hcy水平与TG呈正相关(r=0.883)。Hcy水平与TC相关(r=0.899)。结论精神分离症患者合并Hcy升高在治疗过程中对糖脂代谢影响大,在临床工作中,对精神分裂症患者治疗过程中应积极监测Hcy水平,以指导治疗,评估预后。     

L’éducation thérapeutique de patients souffrant de schizophrénie ayant commis ou pouvant commettre un ou des passage(s) à l’acte dangereux

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental pathology with polymorphous symptoms that have an invalidating impact on an emotional, interpersonal, behavioural and social level. In certain cases this pathology can increase the risk of self-harm or harm to others, making it necessary to put protocoles in place for specifically-adapted treatment, put forward notably by care units that deal with dangerous patients. The patient's therapeutic education, orientated towards acquiring knowledge about the illness and skills for dealing with it in day-to-day life, is now a recognised practice, having proven its effectiveness in the treatment of chronic psychiatric patients. There is significant interest in this method for treating dangerous mental patients. In this interview, the psychologist Diane Brulin-Solignac shares her knowledge and experience of this therapeutic practice.     

Dysregulated Brain Dynamics in a Triple-Network Saliency Model of Schizophrenia and Its Relation to Psychosis

Background

Schizophrenia is a highly disabling psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of positive “psychosis” symptoms. However, the neurobiology of psychosis and associated systems-level disruptions in the brain remain poorly understood. Here, we test an aberrant saliency model of psychosis, which posits that dysregulated dynamic cross-network interactions among the salience network (SN), central executive network, and default mode network contribute to positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

ICD-11与DSM-5关于精神分裂症诊断标准的异同

本文目的是对ICD-11、DSM-5这两套诊断系统中精神分裂症的诊断异同进行比较。精神分裂症的特征是现实检验能力受损和行为改变,表现为阳性症状、阴性症状以及精神运动性紊乱。本文通过对精神分裂症在两个诊断系统中的诊断要点进行讨论,以期增进临床工作者对两套诊断系统相应内容的理解。     

Using cortical non-invasive neuromodulation as a potential preventive treatment in schizophrenia - A review

BackgroundEvidence suggests that schizophrenia constitutes a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by a gradual emergence of behavioral and neurobiological abnormalities over time. Therefore, applying early interventions to prevent later manifestation of symptoms is appealing.ObjectiveThis review focuses on the use of cortical neuromodulation in schizophrenia and its potential as a preventive treatment approach. We present clinical and preclinical findings investigating the use of neuromodulation in schizophrenia, including the current research focusing on cortical non-invasive stimulation and its possibility as a future preventive treatment.MethodsWe performed a search in Medline (PubMed) in September 2020 using a combination of relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) and text words. The search included human and preclinical trials as well as existing systematic reviews and meta-analysis. There were no restrictions on language or the date of publication.ResultsNeurodevelopmental animal models may be used to investigate how the disease progresses and thus which brain areas ideally should be targeted at a given time point. Here, abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex have been often identified as an early and persistent impairment in schizophrenia. Currently there is insufficient evidence to either support or refute the use of neuromodulation to the cortex in adult patients with already manifested symptoms. However, preclinical results show that early non-invasive neuromodulation to the prefrontal cortex of adolescent animals, sufficiently prevents later psychosis-relevant abnormalities in adulthood. This points to the promising potential of cortical non-invasive neuromodulation as a preventive treatment when applied early in the course of the disease.ConclusionPreclinical translational-oriented findings indicate, that neuromodulation to cortical areas offers the possibility of targeting early neuropathology and through this diminish the progression of a later schizophrenic profile. Further studies are needed to investigate whether such early cortical stimulation may serve as a future preventive treatment in schizophrenia.     

“1+5”式支持教育联合体表感官刺激在住院精神分裂症患者中的应用

目的"1+5"式支持教育即1名辅导员负责5例患者,本研究探讨其联合体表感官刺激在住院精神分裂症患者中的应用效果。方法选择医院2019年1月—2020年3月住院精神分裂症患者80例为研究对象,按照组间年龄、病程、婚姻状况、住院时间、干预前简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组采取常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上加以"1+5"式支持教育联合体表感官刺激,比较两组患者的精神症状及社会功能状况。结果观察组患者精神症状严重程度低于对照组,社会功能评定量表(SSPI)各因子评分均高于对照组,差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论"1+5"式支持教育联合体表感官刺激在住院精神分裂症患者中的应用,能改善其精神症状及社会功能,促进疾病康复。     

Concurrent conventional & high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia with co-morbid obsessive-compulsive disorder: A case report

Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as conventional transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) are increasingly being used as add-on treatment options in schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This is reporting of the use of a novel accelerated, symptom-specific, add-on tDCS (combining conventional and high definition) protocol in a patient with both schizophrenia and OCD. The intervention showed clinical utility by reducing both schizophrenia and OCD symptoms.     

Estrogens and SERMS as adjunctive treatments for schizophrenia

More than thirty years have passed since sex and gender differences were noted in the age of onset, course and outcomes for schizophrenia. The ‘estrogen hypothesis” was coined in the 1990′s to describe neuroprotective effects of estrogen.Intervention studies in schizophrenia patients with estradiol and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are promising but psychiatrists and other health practitioners do not generally take up this useful adjunctive treatment for their female patients with schizophrenia. The reasons for this are manifold, but overall a cultural shift in the practice of psychiatry is needed to recognise the specific needs of women with schizophrenia and tailor treatments, such as hormone adjuncts to improve the outcomes for this significant population.The two main aims of this article are to review the evidence and theory of estrogen treatments in schizophrenia and to recommend translation of adjunctive estrogen treatment into clinical practice for women with schizophrenia.     

Mental health care professionals' accounts of actions and responsibilities related to managing physical health among people with severe mental illness

Background

Life expectancy of people with severe mental illness (SMI) is greatly shortened compared to the general population, and despite extensive research, this issue is unsolved. Although it is widely recognised that people with SMI need support from health care services to manage health related issues, profound health inequalities exist within provision of health care. The aim of this study was to examine how mental health care professionals accounted for their actions and responsibilities related to managing physical health issues among people with SMI.