脑小血管病患者血液氨基酸谱和脂肪酸谱变化

目的 探讨脑小血管病(CSVD)患者血液氨基酸谱和脂肪酸谱的变化。方法 采用病例对照设计方法,选择2017年1月-2019年3月本院神经内科住院的165例CSVD患者为观察组,同期住院的66例非脑血管病患者作为对照组,采用串联质谱法(MS)测定入组患者血液氨基酸谱和脂肪酸谱。结果(1)2组Ala,Cys,Gly,C12,C16:1-OH,Gly/Ala,C2/C0,C3/C0,C3/C16,C6DC水平有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)对上述代谢物进行Logistic回归分析显示Ala,Gly,Gly/Ala是CSVD发病的相关危险因素(P<0.05),C3/C0是CSVD的独立危险因素。结论 Ala,Cys,Gly,C12,C16:1-OH,Gly/Ala,C2/C0,C3/C0,C3/C16,C6DC是CSVD的潜在代谢物; Ala,Gly,Gly/Ala,C3/C0对CSVD可能具有辅助诊断价值。     

基于“证治代谢组学”假说探讨中药（单体/复方）药效物质基础的研究思路与实践＊

中药(单体/复方)药效物质基础研究是中医药现代研究的关键问题之一。然而,目前运用的生化和分子生物学方法很难诠释其多靶点、整体性和动态性的整合调节作用。课题组提出的"证治代谢组学"假说理论指出,不同的证候存在"证相关代谢谱群"和"证相关生物标志物",这可能是中药药效物质基础所在,辨证论治后偏离的代谢网络功能呈现回归趋势。基于"证治代谢组学"假说开展中药(单体/复方)药效物质基础研究,这将为阐释中药(单体/复方)防病治病和养生保健的科学内涵及其对疾病个体的整合调节作用提供新的思路。本文以冠心病为研究载体、气阴虚血瘀证为切入点、活血保心丸为干预措施,就该研究思路的内涵与总体模式、提出的背景与依据、实践的方式与可行性、创新与特色及其研究意义等进行了简要介绍。     

代谢组学在心血管疾病中的精准应用

精准医疗的本质是对大样本人群及特定疾病类型进行生物标志物的筛选、定量、验证及应用,最 终达到寻找疾病的发病原因、机制及治疗靶点的目标。代谢组学作为检测体内代谢物技术之一,可以通过发现 体内代谢物水平的变化及时对机体生理状态做出预判与诊断,并指导进行相应的干预及治疗。本文将对代谢 组学技术,在心血管疾病精准诊断、发病机制和治疗方面的应用进行综述。     

乳腺癌血清蛋白质组与尿代谢物组协同分析研究

目的 研究血清蛋白质组和尿代谢物组协同分析乳腺癌诊断方法。方法 用双向电泳、高效液相色谱和液质联用技术对7份正常人与14份乳腺癌患者血清蛋白质组和尿代谢物组进行分析，从中寻找差异蛋白和代谢组模式差异。结果 与正常人相比，乳腺癌患者血清中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶M5呈高表达状态，尿中乳清酸核苷、1-甲酰化腺苷、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸及N^2-甲酰化鸟苷等4种核苷代谢物组成模式异常。结论 乳腺癌患者体液内化学物质与正常人相比具有特异性模式差异。经肿瘤蛋白质组与代谢物组协同研究，有望建立肿瘤早期诊断新方法，进行肿瘤发病机理研究。     

A(1)H NMR-based metabonomic study on the SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice and the effect of electro-acupuncture

A ¹H NMR-based metabonomic method was used to investigate the metabolic change of plasma in senescence-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice before and after electro-acupuncture (EA). Sixteen SAMP8 male mice (aged 8 months) were randomly divided into model group and acupuncture treatment group while the later group received EA treatment for 21 days. Eight senescence-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice were used as the control group. Morris water maze was used to evaluate the effects of EA. All mice plasma samples obtained from different groups were analyzed by using 600 MHz ¹H nuclear magnetic resonances (¹H NMR) spectroscopy. The data sets were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to discriminate the key plasma metabolites among different groups. Results indicated that both the escape and probe tasks of SAMP8 could be improved by EA treatment. Metabonomic study showed that SAMR1 and SAMP8 were separated clearly in both CPMG_OSC_PLS and LED _OSC_PLS score plots. Interestingly, samples obtained from EA group were distributed closely to SAMR1 group in CPMG_OSC_PLS score plot, but away from SAMP8 group in LED_OSC_PLS score plot. Corresponding loading plots showed that much less lactate was seen in SAMP8 mice plasma. Other changes including higher levels of dimethylamine (DMA) Choline and α-glucose but lower levels of leucine/isoleucine, HDL, LDL/VLDL, 3-Hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), and Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were observed in the SAMP8 mice plasma than in the SAMR1. After EA treatment, the levels of lactate, DMA, choline and TMAO were improved. Results of this work can provide valuable clues to the understanding of the metabolic changes in the senile impairment of mice. It is also hoped that the methodology can be used in evaluating the effects of EA and understanding the underlying acupuncture mechanism in treating neurodegenerative diseases.     

代谢组学技术在糖尿病研究中的应用

糖尿病是典型的代谢性疾病,其危害主要来自高发的并发症,并最终导致高致死率和致残率.目前糖尿病确切机制仍然未知,也未见有效的根治方法,故预防成为重中之重.代谢组学作为一种能够识别和测量生物体整体代谢变化的新技术,已被广泛应用到糖尿病的相关研究中,并显现出在疾病防治中的巨大潜力.     

An integrated metabonomic method for profiling of metabolic changes in carbon tetrachloride induced rat urine

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a well-known model compound for inducing chemical hepatic injury. This work characterizes the metabolism disorders of hepatotoxicity induced by CCl₄ in a Wistar rat model with a single dosage of 1 ml/kg. A seven-day long continuous collection of urine was performed in male rats in this experiment. Blood biochemistry and histopathology were examined to identify specific changes of liver hepatotoxicity. At the same time, an integrated analytical approach based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was developed to map the metabolic response in urine. The current metabonomic approach based on LC–MS indicated 23 endogenous metabolites as biomarkers in urine associated with the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl₄. The underlying regulations of CCl₄-perturbed metabolic pathways were discussed according to the identified metabolites. The present study proves the great potential of LC–MS based metabonomics in mapping metabolic response for toxicology.     

大鼠气管内注入纳米二氧化钛后的血浆代谢组学研究

目的 运用一维磁共振氢谱(1H MR)结合模式识别的代谢组学技术探讨大鼠气管内注入纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO2)的毒效应,并寻找毒效应的靶器官及生物标志物.方法 将24只SD大鼠按数字表法随机分为4组,分别为高剂量组(40.0 mg/kg nano-TiO2)、中剂量组(4.0 mg/kg nano-riO2)、低剂量组(0.4 mg/kg nano-TiO2)和对照组(生理盐水),每组各6只大鼠.按0.1 ml/100 g采用非暴露式气管内注入方式,染毒1次.观察1周后,进行血浆1H MR检测,并对代谢图谱进行主成分分析(PCA).同时摘取心、肺、肝、肾等器官作组织病理学检查.结果 血浆代谢组学分析表明:高剂量组乳酸相对含量[(37.86±2.58)×10-3]、柠檬酸相对含量[(2.21±0.45)×10-3]、胆碱相对含量[(7.74±0.76)×10-3]和肌酸相对含量[(4.17 d-1.15)×10-3]低于对照组[(52.07±5.12)×10-3、(3.01±0.21)×10-3、(9.28±0.78)×10-3、(8.59±2.64)×10-3](t值分别为-6.024、-3.177、-3.374、-4.215,P值均<0.05);而葡萄糖相对含量[(19.41±1.72)×10-3]高于对照组[(14.45±2.45)×10-3](t=2.802,P<0.05);中剂量组乳酸相对含量[(44.39±5.09)×10-3]和肌酸相对含量[(3.67±0.76)×10-3]低于对照组[(52.07±5.12)×10-3、(8.59±2.64)×10-3](t值分别为-3.254、-4.694,P值均<0.05);低剂量组丙酮酸相对含量[(3.84±0.70)×10-3]高于对照组[(3.13×±0.46)×10-3](t=2.787,P<0.05),胆碱相对含量[(8.10±0.72)×10-3]低于对照组[(9.28±0.78)×10-3](t=-2.602,P<0.05).各剂最组大鼠各个组织脏器均未见明显的病理变化.结论 大鼠肺脏、肝脏、肾脏和心脏是nano-TiO2气管注入染毒的靶器官;乳酸、丙酮酸、匍萄糖、柠檬酸、胆碱和肌酸可作为寻找nano-TiO2致机体毒作用靶器官的参考生物标志物.     

Metabolic network failures in Alzheimer's disease: A biochemical road map

Introduction

The Alzheimer's Disease Research Summits of 2012 and 2015 incorporated experts from academia, industry, and nonprofit organizations to develop new research directions to transform our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and propel the development of critically needed therapies. In response to their recommendations, big data at multiple levels are being generated and integrated to study network failures in disease. We used metabolomics as a global biochemical approach to identify peripheral metabolic changes in AD patients and correlate them to cerebrospinal fluid pathology markers, imaging features, and cognitive performance.