着色真菌蟾蜍分离株小鼠致病试验研究

目的：观察着色真菌蟾蜍分离株的致病性。方法：抽样取着色真菌蟾蜍分离株与标准人分离株对照，制成菌悬液，做小鼠腹腔接种，观察接种后小鼠的外观表现，做菌种逆培养和观察内脏病理变化。结果：蟾蜍分离株卡氏枝孢霉、疣状瓶霉、裴氏着色霉和甄氏外瓶霉与病人分离株一样，在接种28天后，均可从小鼠脏器逆培养出接种的菌种，并引起内脏病变，形成结核样肉芽肿，肉芽肿内均可查见棕黄色硬壳小体。而瓶霉和外瓶霉属菌种逆培养结果均阴性。结论：从野生蟾蜍分离出的卡氏枝孢霉、疣状瓶霉，裴氏着色霉和甄氏外瓶霉与病人分离株一样，对小鼠有致病性，故可能是人着色芽生菌病的致病菌。     

Pancreatic endocrine cells in Bufo bufo: immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure

The endocrine pancreas of the toad consists of rounded islets of various sizes embedded in the exocrine tissue. Isolated cells are also present. At least 4 types of endocrine cell are distinguishable by shape, size and electrondensity of the secretory granules as well as by their immunoreactivity with different antisera: insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon cells. Insulin cells can be divided into 2 types according to their cytoplasmic electrondensity. Colocalisation of different hormones in the same cell is rarely observed. The close contact between endocrine and exocrine cells and the scarcity of nerve supply is indicative of a paracrine control of hormone secretion.     

Synaptic organization of dorsal root projections to lumbar motoneurons in the clawed toad (Xenopus laevis)

Summary Synaptic connexions between dorsal root primary afferents and lumbar motoneurons have been investigated in the isolated spinal cord of the clawed toad. The study of monosynaptic actions evoked in motoneurons by 9th or 10th dorsal root stimulation or by impulses in single primary afferents provided evidence for both electrical and chemical junctional transmission at the sensory-motor synapses. The anterograde filling of the 9th and 10th dorsal roots with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) shows that afferents do project to the motoneuron field of the segments IX and X. Some of the fibres not only reach the dorsally located motoneurons, but also cross the lateral motor column (LMC) and terminate in the marginal zone of ventral horn gray matter. The projections of the 9th and 10th dorsal root fibres are most numerous in the caudal part of segment X. Simultaneous HRP labeling of single motoneurons and the whole 10th dorsal root has revealed that afferent fibres make contacts not only on the distal dendrites of the motor cells, but also on the proximal ones. This latter finding is in a good agreement with the electrophysiological data.Dr. Shiriaev died September 11, 1984     

不同浓度乙醇灌流液对蟾蜍离体心脏活动影响的比较分析

用不同浓度乙醇灌流液灌流蟾蜍离体心脏,观察其对离体心脏心率、心肌收缩力和心输出量的变化。结果显示：心率减慢,但在１０ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 稍有加快（ Ｐ ＞ ０ ．０５） ,浓度在２０ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ 以上时减慢才明显（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５） ;心肌收缩幅度下降,其表现浓度越大下降越明显（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５ ～０ ．０１） ;心输出量在１０ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１５ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 时略有增加,超过３０ ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 以后心输出量下降,但不明显（ Ｐ ＞ ０ ．０５） 。表明乙醇过量有减慢心率和抑制心肌收缩力的作用,而对输出量影响不大。     

Microelectronic neural bridging of toad nerves to restore leg function

The present study used a microelectronic neural bridge comprised of electrode arrays for neural signal detection, functional electrical stimulation, and a microelectronic circuit including signal amplifying, processing, and functional electrical stimulation to bridge two separate nerves, and to restore the lost function of one nerve. The left leg of one spinal toad was subjected to external mechanical stimulation and functional electrical stimulation driving. The function of the left leg of one spinal toad was regenerated to the corresponding leg of another spinal toad using a microelectronic neural bridge. Oscilloscope tracings showed that the electromyographic signals from controlled spinal toads were generated by neural signals that controlled the spinal toad, and there was a delay between signals. This study demonstrates that microelectronic neural bridging can be used to restore neural function between different injured nerves.     

An Experimental Study on the Anti-Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Effect of Purified Toad Venom Extract

The objective of this paper was to study the anti-Ehrlich ascites carcinoma effect of purified toad venom extract and its mechanism. Mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was established with cisplatin as the control to observe the inhibitory effect of purified toad venom extract on malignant peritoneal effusion in mice. The results showed that compared with the control group, ascites volume, number of tumour cells and tumour cell viability decreased and ascites inhibition rate reached over 50% in each treatment group, and with the increase of the dose, incidence of ascites showed a downward trend. The number of tumour cells in ascites and tumour cell viability in the purified toad venom high-dose group were lower than those of the cisplatin group. Compared with the model group, survival time was prolonged in varying degrees in the purified toad venom groups and cisplatin group. The study concluded that purified extract of toad venom has an anti-Ehrlich ascites carcinoma effect.     

蟾蜍类制剂抗乳腺癌的作用及其机制研究进展

蟾蜍类中药传统以内服经全身抗乳腺癌,或外敷以局部治疗晚期乳腺癌,但应用较少。近年研究显示,蟾蜍类中药制剂及单体具有多途径、多靶点抗肿瘤特性,其有效成分能诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖及增敏化疗药物实现耐药逆转,有良好的抗乳腺癌效果。本文对蟾蜍类中药制剂和有效单体的抗乳腺癌效果和机制进行综述,蟾蜍类中药制剂和有效单体能通过2种途径诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡,并针对有效单体蟾毒灵联合化疗药物起到减毒增效及耐药逆转作用提出与介入治疗结合的整合医疗治疗乳腺癌的设想进行讨论,以期为乳腺癌精准治疗提供参考。     

干蟾皮药材中华蟾酥毒基的含量测定

目的建立了干蟾皮中华蟾酥毒基的含量测定方法。方法色谱法：采用Waters Xbridge C18反相色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）;流动相：0.5%磷酸二氢钠溶液∶乙腈（52∶48）加磷酸调pH 3.2;检测波长为294 nm;流速：1 mL/min;柱温为室温。结果华蟾酥毒基在进样量2.5~15.0μg（r=0.9999）范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程y=-4×107x-10 196（r=0.9999）;溶液精密度、重复性均良好;在12 h内测定,其稳定性最佳;溶液加样回收实验考察得平均回收率为97.4%,RSD=2.8%。5批干蟾皮药材的含量分别为0.012、0.009、0.013、0.011、0.007 mg/g,平均含量为0.010 mg/g。结论本方法建立的色谱条件科学、快速、稳定,可作为干蟾皮药材内在质量的控制方法。     

氯胺酮对离体蟾蜍椎旁神经节细胞的抑制作用

目的　了解静脉全麻药氯胺酮对交感神经节单个神经元的作用和机制。方法　应用离体蟾蜍椎旁神经节(PVG)细胞内记录技术 ,观察不同浓度的氯胺酮对PVG细胞的膜电学特性、动作电位及兴奋性的影响。结果　对离体PVG灌流 0 .3～ 3.0mmol/L氯胺酮可浓度依赖性地引起轻度去极化反应 (n =2 0 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,降低直接动作电位的幅度和超射值 (P <0 .0 1) ,延长半幅时程 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并明显提高动作电位的阈电位水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,使刺激电流强度 放电频率关系曲线右移 ,在 3mmol/L浓度减小膜电阻 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,完全取消动作电位的产生。结论　氯胺酮对离体蟾蜍椎旁神经节细胞具有直接的抑制作用     

离体交感神经节细胞胆碱能反应的时反应量－效关系

应用离体蟾蜍椎旁神经节细胞内记录技术，观察了氯化乙酰胆碱０．１～３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ灌流１ｍｉｎＰＶＧ细胞引起的去极化反应，并对去极化幅度，潜伏期、达峰时间、平均去极化速率、半衰时间、持续时间与浓度的关系进行了分析。结果显示，潜伏期虽随浓度升高而缩短，但没有显著性意义（Ｆ检验，Ｐ＞０．０５），而其他指标均具有浓度依赖性质（Ｆ＇检验，Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），表明离体交感神经节细胞胆碱能反应过程存在时反应量－效关系。但潜伏期与浓度的关系仍需进一步研究。