What goes through the gate? Exploring interference with visual feature binding

A series of experiments explored the mechanisms determining the encoding and storage of features and objects in visual working memory. We contrasted the effects of three types of visual suffix on cued recall of a display of colored shapes. The suffix was presented after the display and before the recall cue. The latter was either the color or shape of one of the objects and signaled recall of the object's other feature. In Experiments 1 and 2, we found a larger effect of ‘plausible’ suffixes comprising features (color and shape) drawn from the experimental set, relative to the effect of ‘implausible’ suffixes comprising features outside the experimental set. Experiment 3 extended this pattern by showing that ‘semi-plausible’ suffixes containing only one feature (either color or shape) from the experimental set had an equivalent effect to those with both features from the set. Reduction in accuracy was mainly due to an increase in recall of suffix features, rather than within-display confusions. The findings suggest a feature-based filtering process in visual working memory, with any stimuli that pass through this filter serving to directly overwrite existing object representations.     

What do the suffixes – XR,ER, Chrono,Chronosphere – really mean as it pertains to modified‐release antiepileptic drugs?

Background: Epilepsy is a disease requiring chronic therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Many conventional AEDs currently available have either too rapid an absorption or elimination, requiring the patient to take multiple doses per day, which may adversely impact adherence or cause peak‐related side‐effects. Consequently, some AEDs with immediate‐release characteristics have been modified to prolong absorption and/or reduce peak serum concentration, enabling dosage regimen simplification. Modified‐release (MR) AED formulations have been labelled with various suffixes or names (‘XR, ER, ‐Chrono, ‐Chronosphere’), but such labelling may not adequately distinguish those MR AEDs with the most prolonged absorption or unique formulation characteristics. Such suffixes lack precise definition. Objective: We identified the formulation characteristics of currently available MR AEDs, attempting to distinguish them by suffix designation. Design/methods: Nine MR AED formulations, representing six different AEDs, were characterized, utilizing information from FDA‐approved inserts (2001 +) and published literature. Results: The formulation characteristics of commercially available MR AEDs are quite variable and do not appear to correlate with their brand name suffix. Conclusions: When all MR AEDs are compared, suffix designations do not provide distinguishable information about formulation characteristics. Clarification of MR AED suffix terminology may be warranted.     

综合性医院药品通用名后缀的调查分析

目的了解药物通用名后缀,帮助医务人员认清药理学分类,合理使用同类药品和降低临床用药失误发生。方法查看本院所有药品的通用名的中英文表达。结果根据后缀的中英文表达可以明确药理分类的后缀有61种,其中涉及227种药品。仍有一些后缀缺乏药理学分类的特征性,其中后缀中文表达一致的有11种,英文表达一致的有1种,中英文表达均一致的有7种。结论熟悉药品通用名后缀,有重要临床价值。但临床实践中不能想当然,熟悉医院药品的药理和治疗学特点才能降低临床用药失误。     

初探希腊、拉丁语对医学英语词汇的影响

通过分析医学英语词汇中的前缀、后缀以及词根，分析希腊语、拉丁语和医学英语词汇之间的关系，总结其中的规律。来探讨希腊语和拉丁语对医学英语词汇构成的影响，加深对医学英语词汇的记忆和应用。