Eating to beat breast cancer: Potential role for soy supplements

Background: The study reviews the anticancer properties of naturalisoflavones which occur in especially high concentration in soybeans. Itconsiders the suitability of soybean products for clinical trials aiming toreduce the progression of breast cancer.Methods: Evidence is reviewed that plant isoflavones such asgenistein show cytostatic activity against human mammary cancer cell linesin vitro and can also suppress carcinogen-induced mammary cancer inyoung and mature rats.Results: Plant isoflavones are converted in the bowel to compoundswith potential antioestrogenic and antioxidative properties. These compoundsshow cytostatic activity for both oestrogen receptor-positive and negativehuman mammary cancer cell lines, and also inhibit growth and progress of therat mammary cancer model. The high content of soybean products in the diet ofAsian women has been postulated as one reason for their relatively low breastcancer incidence.Conclusion: Preclinical studies suggest that soybean products begiven priority for clinical trials in breast cancer protection. A pilot studycould test soy protein supplements as long-term adjuvant dietary treatmentafter primary surgery for early breast cancer, looking for a decrease in therisk of recurrence or of second primary tumours.     

Evaluation of allergenicity of genetically modified soybean protein extract in a murine model of oral allergen-specific sensitization

Background With the development of genetically modified crop plants there has been a growing interest in the approaches available to assess the potential allergenicity of novel gene products. For additional assessment of the potential allergenicity of expressed proteins, informative data can be generated using animal models. Soybean is one of the major source of protein in human and animal nutrition, and has also been well characterized as a major allergenic source. Advances in biotechnology have resulted in an increasing number of genetically engineered foods, and among these soybean is one of the most widespread. Objective To develop and characterize a murine model of IgE‐mediated soybean sensitization induced by intragastric immunization, in the presence of Cholera Toxin, with wild‐type soybean extract (wt‐SE) or with genetically modified soybean extract (gm‐SE). Methods Balb/c mice born in our animal facilities, from females fed on soy‐free food, were fed with the same soy‐free food and used in all the experiments. Mice were sensitized by gavages with soybean extracts, and allergen‐specific IgE and IgG responses were studied by direct ELISA and ELISA inhibition. Antigen‐specific cell proliferation and cytokine production were evaluated in spleen cell cultures. Results Sensitization with both soybean extracts induced high levels of antigen‐specific IgE and IgG1 and low levels of specific IgG2a. Both wt‐SE and gm‐SE were able to inhibit the binding of specific IgE from mice immunized with gm‐SE to the same antigen used for the ELISA coating. A comparable proliferative response was obtained with the homologous as well as with the heterologous extracts. Conclusion In sensitized mice, we observed a predominantly T‐helper type 2 (Th2)‐type immune response, with increased soybean‐specific IgE and IgG1 antibodies and a concomitant increase of IL‐4 and IL‐5 production. Results obtained by specific IgE ELISA inhibition and by antigen‐specific T cell proliferation demonstrated that wt‐SE and gm‐SE shared B and T epitopes. The present murine model of soybean sensitization established by the oral route should provide valuable information about risk assessment for food allergy from new proteins of genetically modified foods.     

Role of Isoflavones in the Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Soy

Epidemiologic data suggest an inverse relationship between the consumption of soy isoflavones and cardiovascular disease risk. The aims of this review are to determine if isoflavones play a role in the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy and whether the studies realized with that scope were adequately designed. In humans, most studies have been performed in postmenopausal women. The results are inconsistent, however; some studies show a decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels, and other investigations fail to show any beneficial effect of soy isoflavones on lipid profiles. In most studies, beneficial effects could not be attributed with certainty to soy isoflavones. If these components have any health-protecting effect in humans, it is small in comparison with the effect of soy protein itself. There are currently not enough data to recommend the consumption of isoflavone supplements to lower plasma cholesterol levels.     

Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in the Prevention and Treatment of Liver Disease in Intestinal Failure

The development of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in pediatric and adult patients on parenteral nutrition is usually multifactorial in nature due to nutritional and non-nutritional causes. The role of lipid therapy as a contributing cause is well-established with the pathophysiological pathways now better understood. The review focuses on risk factors for IFALD development, biological effects of lipids, lipid emulsions and the mechanisms of lipid toxicity observed in laboratory animals followed by a synopsis of clinical studies in pediatric and adult patients. The introduction of fish oil-based lipid emulsions that provide partial or complete lipid replacement therapy has resulted in resolution of IFALD that had been associated with soybean oil-based therapy. Based on case reports and cohort studies in pediatric and adult patients who were at risk or developed overt liver disease, we now have more evidence that an early switch to partial or complete fish oil–based lipid therapy should be implemented in order to successfully halt and reverse IFALD.     

雪山芪的化学成分研究

目的 研究雪山芪He dysaram sikkimense Benth．ex Baker．var．rigidum Hand、-Mass．的化学成分。方法 采用反复硅胶柱层析分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从雪山芪干燥根中分离得到9个化合物。根据波谱分析和理化数据,鉴定出其中8个化合物分别为：羽扇豆醇(lupeol,1)、4′-羟基-7-甲氧基异黄酮(isoformononetein,Ⅱ)、4′-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基异黄酮(3-[4-hydroxyphenyl-6,7-dimetoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one],Ⅲ)、熊果酸(ursolic acid,Ⅳ)、山嵛酸-α-单甘油酯(docosanooic acid-2,3-d．hydroxypropyl ester,Ⅴ)、二十四烷酸(lignoceric acid,Ⅵ)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅶ)及蔗糖。结论 以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。     

大豆胚轴甲醇提取物对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂及血清过氧化脂质的影响

[目的 ]研究大豆胚轴甲醇提取物对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂及过氧化脂质代谢的影响 .[方法 ]甲醇提取大豆胚轴中的异黄酮类和皂甙 ,以薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法检测其组成 .给GK/Jcl糖尿病大鼠长期食用添加 10 0 g/kg大豆胚轴甲醇提取物的饲料 ,观察和测定相应生物化学指标 .[结果 ]长期食用大豆胚轴甲醇提取物的糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平下降 ,血清过氧化脂质降低 ,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇增高 ,血清总胆固醇和甘油三脂却无明显变化 .[结论 ]大豆胚轴甲醇提取物具有显著的降低血糖、改善糖耐量、降低脂质过氧化和升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的作用     

荷叶大豆及其合剂调脂活性部位的研究

目的：通过体内外实验探讨荷叶大豆调脂的活性部位及其作用特点,方法：以急性高脂血症小鼠为整体模型观察药物对血清胆固醇及甘油三酯的影响,体外给药观察药物对肝细胞合成胆固醇的影响。结果：荷叶大豆的水提取部分及其生物碱和黄酮均有调脂作用,大豆黄酮对体外肝细胞合成胆固醇有抑制的趋势。结论：荷叶和大豆均有调脂作用,其主要活性部位在黄酮和生物碱,其作用特点在于促进胆固醇的代谢方面。     

西洋参DNA导入大豆实现遗传转化的研究Ⅱ.导入后代异黄酮类成分的含？…

用高效液相色谱法测定了西洋参 DNA导入大豆后代的异黄酮类成分、大豆苷 (daidzin)、大豆黄素(daidzein)、染料木苷 (genistin)、染料木素 (genistein)的含量 ,采用 U nisil Q C1 8柱 ,4.6 mm× 2 5 0 m m,流动相乙腈 - 0 .0 0 3mol/L 磷酸氢二钠 (17∶ 83) ,流速 1.0 m L/min,检测波长 2 5 4nm,结果表明 ,4种成分分离效果好 ,成分含量发生了广泛变异 ,从中可筛选出有效成分含量较高的新材料     

高效液相色谱法测定淡豆豉药材中异黄酮的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定淡豆豉中异黄酮含量。方法:采用HPLC法,色谱柱为YWG C18柱(250 mm×4.5 mm,10μm),以甲醇-水-乙酸(10:10:1)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长260 nm,测定淡豆豉中染料木素(genistein)、大豆黄素(daidzein)含量。结果:染料木素及大豆黄素的线性范围分别为2.00-40.00μg·mL-1和2.64-52.70μg·mL-1,相关系数分别为0.9994和0.9993,不同产地的淡豆豉中异黄酮含量差异较大。结论:本法准确、简便、快速,对于控制和评价淡豆豉的品质有重要意义。     

The effect of soy isoflavones on the development of intestinal neoplasia in Apc mouse

Data from epidemiological studies suggest that isoflavones in soy may have a protective effect on the development of colon cancer in humans. Therefore, we have investigated whether soy isoflavones will inhibit intestinal tumour development in Apc^Min mice. The mice were fed a Western-type high risk diet (high fat, low fibre and calcium) containing two different isolates of soy protein as a protein source. For the control and test groups this resulted in the administration of about 16 and 475 mg of total isoflavones per kg diet, respectively. As a positive control, a third group of mice was administered a low isoflavone diet supplemented with 300 ppm sulindac. No significant differences in the incidence, multiplicity, size and distribution of intestinal tumours were observed between Min mice fed low and high isoflavone-containing diets. However, a clear reduction in the number of small intestinal tumours was observed for the sulindac diet. Thus, in contrast to epidemiological studies, our results demonstrate that high amounts of soy isoflavones present in a Western-type high risk diet do not protect against intestinal tumour development in a relevant animal model such as the Min mice.