强化面粉专用复配营养素物理性质形态观察

对强化面粉专用复配营养素的物理性质和混合均匀度进行观察。试验观察了面粉专用营养素单体和复配营养素的形态、粒度、比重、流动性以及不同混合时间的混合均匀度。结果表明 ,各营养素单体形态具有明显差异 ,粒度分布、比重和流动性差异显著 ,混合时间对混合均匀度有明显影响。观察所得到的数据不仅对复配的面粉专用营养素的质量保障提供了基础 ,同时为复配营养素与面粉生产工艺的结合和保障强化面粉质量提供了基础。     

HPLC-DAD and LC-ESI-MS analysis of doxycycline and related impurities in doxipan mix, a medicated premix for incorporation in medicated feedstuff

HPLC-DAD and LC-ESI-MS methods have been developed for the analysis of doxycycline (DOX), including the identification of the related impurities metacycline (MTC) and 6-epidoxycycline (EDOX) and its determination in a medicated premix. The chromatographic separations have been performed on Luna C₁₈ stationary phase and on Synergi (4 μm) Polar-RP 80A, using both acidic (pH 2.5) and basic (pH 8.0) mobile phases. The Synergi Polar-RP column, in combination with a mobile phase of oxalic acid (0.02 M; pH 2.5)–acetonitrile 82:18 (v/v), allowed the complete separation of MTC, EDOX and DOX. The same separation was also obtained using Luna C₁₈ stationary phase with a pH 8 mobile phase. Application of a LC-ESI-MS system and MS/MS analysis, using both positive and negative polarity, allowed the peak identity to be confirmed. A method based on Luna C₁₈ column and UV detection at 346 nm was validated for the determination of DOX in a medicated premix for incorporation in medicated feedstuff.     

用绿色复合预混料饲喂黑白花奶牛的效果

无公害养殖食品从饲料作起。然而绿色复合预混料,能否保持优良品种奶牛的高产性能,以适应可持续发展畜牧业的要求?对比试验证明绿色复合预混料在产奶量和经济效益上毫不逊色于市场上的同类产品。     

承载混合时间的初探——预混合饲料生产技术的研究

本文研究了用实验室卧式螺带混合机混合不同时间后的预混合饲料,在振动与下落的条件下对承载与分级的影响。结果表明以脱脂米糠为载体时,需将混合时间延长至10—15分钟,才能达到承载的要求。但是,若以细石粉为稀释剂时,则混合5分钟即可本文还探讨了有关预混合料混合的阶段及其在生产中的意义。     

Mid- and high-ratio premix insulin analogues: potential treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes in need of greater postprandial blood glucose control

Some patients with type 2 diabetes continue to have high postprandial blood glucose levels on twice‐daily regimens of ‘low‐ratio’ premix insulin formulations (up to 30% rapid‐acting, with 70% protracted insulin). These patients require intensified insulin therapy, which can be provided by a twice‐ or thrice‐daily regimen of mid‐ratio (50% rapid‐acting and 50% protaminated intermediate‐acting insulin – human or analogue) or high‐ratio (70% rapid‐acting and 30% protaminated insulin – analogue only) premix insulin. Alternatively, a third daily injection of low‐ratio premix insulin can be added to the regimen, with the option of incorporating one or more injections of mid‐ or high‐ratio premix as required, and as an alternative to basal–bolus therapy. How these mid‐ and high‐ratio formulations differ from the low‐ratio premix insulins is reviewed here, with the aim of identifying the role of these formulations in diabetes management. Glucose clamp studies have shown that premix analogues give serum insulin levels proportional to their percentage of rapid‐acting uncomplexed insulin: the higher the proportion, the greater the maximum level reached. Other pharmacokinetic parameters were not always significantly different between the mid‐ and high‐ratio formulations. In clinical trials, postprandial plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA_1c) levels were significantly reduced with thrice‐daily mid‐ /high‐ratio premix analogue when compared with twice‐daily low‐ratio biphasic human insulin (BHI) 30/70 or once‐daily insulin glargine. Moreover, glycaemic control with mid‐/high‐ratio premix analogue was found to be similar to that with a basal–bolus therapy. Mid‐ and high‐ratio premix regimens are generally well tolerated. The frequency of minor hypoglycaemia was reportedly higher with mid‐ /high‐ratio premix analogues than with BHI 30, but nocturnal hypoglycaemia was less frequent. Although there is little evidence that clinical outcomes with mid‐ratio premix analogues are different from those with high‐ratio, they are useful additions to the low‐ratio formulations for the management of diabetes, and addressing postprandial hyperglycaemia in particular.     

预混胰岛素联合长效胰岛素与三速一长方案治疗初诊2型糖尿病的对比观察

目的观察早晚餐前预混胰岛素联合睡前长效胰岛素的注射方案(两预混一长)与三餐前速效胰岛素联合睡前长效胰岛素的注射方案(三速一长)对伴有明显高血糖的初诊2型糖尿病患者的降糖效果以及安全性。方法将60例初诊伴有明显高血糖的2型糖尿病患者随机分为I、Ⅱ两组,每组30例。I组三餐前皮下注射赖脯胰岛素联合睡前皮下注射甘精胰岛素;Ⅱ组早晚餐前皮下注射精蛋白锌重组赖脯胰岛素混合注射液25联合睡前皮下注射甘精胰岛素。比较空腹血糖、三餐后2小时血糖、胰岛素用量、达标时间以及低血糖发生人次。结果治疗后两组患者血糖、达标时间、低血糖发生率差异无统计学意义(>0.05),每日胰岛素用量Ⅱ组较I组明显减少(<0.05)。结论预混胰岛素联合长效胰岛素与三速一长方案治疗治疗效果、安全性相当,胰岛素用量减少。     

快速膜乳化-溶剂萃取/挥发法制备水飞蓟宾PLGA微球的工艺优选

目的:制备粒径均一的水飞蓟宾PLGA微球,并优选其制备工艺。方法:采用快速膜乳化-溶剂萃取/挥发法制备水飞蓟宾PLGA微球,以平均粒径和径距为指标,通过单因素试验考察油相溶剂、膜孔径、过膜压力、油水相体积比4个影响因素,正交试验考察药辅比、PVA质量分数及油水相体积比对制备工艺的影响;考察水飞蓟宾PLGA微球的平均粒径、粒径分布、载药量、包封率及形貌等理化性质。结果:SPG膜孔径2.8μm,过膜压力1.0 MPa,离心20 min,固化液为生理盐水;水飞蓟宾PLGA微球的最佳制备工艺为药辅比1∶4,PVA质量分数3%,油水相体积比1∶19。制备的微球圆整度好、表面光滑,平均粒径(2.634±0.35)μm,径距(13.326±3.06),载药量(14.84±0.76)%,包封率(56.16±3.77)%。结论:快速膜乳化法可用于制备中药难溶性成分水飞蓟宾PLGA微球,且制备的微球粒径均一可控。     

快速膜乳化-溶剂萃取/挥发法制备水飞蓟宾PLGA微球及工艺研究

[摘要] 目的：制备粒径均一度高的水飞蓟宾PLGA微球并对其制备工艺进行研究。方法：采用快速膜乳化-溶剂萃取/挥发法,结合单因素和正交设计试验优化微球的制备工艺,并对微球的平均粒径、粒径分布、载药量、包封率及形貌等理化性质进行考察。结果：所得微球圆整度好,表面光滑,平均粒径为（2.634?.35）祄,径距为（13.326?.06）,载药量为（14.84?.76）%,包封率为（56.16?.77）%。结论：快速膜乳化法可用于制备中药难溶性成分水飞蓟宾PLGA微球,且所制备的微球粒径均一可控。     

均匀与正交设计法优化水飞蓟宾微粒制备工艺的比较研究

[目的]通过快速膜乳化耦合溶剂挥发法制备粒径均一可控的水飞蓟宾微粒,对其制备工艺进行考察,优选最佳制备条件,并对均匀设计法和正交设计法进行比较。[方法]以水飞蓟宾微粒的平均粒径D(0.5)及径距为指标,用均匀设计法和正交设计法对水相浓度、油水相体积比、过膜压力及固化时间等影响因素进行考察。[结果]确定制备工艺为水相浓度3%、油水相体积比1∶2、过膜压力0.6 MPa、固化时间60 min。[结论]该制备工艺简单、快速、稳定、可靠,所得水飞蓟宾微粒粒径均一,均匀设计在水飞蓟宾微粒制备工艺筛选实验中具有很好的可行性。