Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Involving Parents During Painful Interventions for Their Preterm Infants

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature related to the effectiveness of parents’ active involvement during painful interventions for their preterm infants.Data SourcesWe performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE/Ovid, CINAHL, Livivio, and PsycInfo using the keywords “preterm infants,” “pain,” and “parents.”Study SelectionArticles were eligible for inclusion if they were published between 2000 and 2021 and reported randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which preterm infants underwent painful interventions, and parents were present and actively involved in pain-reducing measures.Data ExtractionWe used the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist for RCTs for data extraction. We assessed methodologic quality using critical appraisal for RCTs according to the Joanna Briggs Institute.Data SynthesisIn total, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. These articles reported 19 studies focused on kangaroo/skin-to-skin care, one focused on breastfeeding, and two focused on facilitated tucking. The methods used to evaluate pain in the infant varied substantially. Overall, kangaroo/skin-to-skin care and facilitated tucking resulted in clinically and statistically significant decreases in pain. For breastfeeding, effectiveness was linked to a more mature sucking pattern of the preterm infant.ConclusionThe current evidence suggests that involving parents in pain-reducing measures during painful interventions for their preterm infants is beneficial. However, more research is needed for the different methods of involving parents in pain-reducing measures.     

Sulphasalazine and Sulphapyridine Serum Levels in Children to Mothers Treated with Sulphasalazine during Pregnancy and Lactation

ABSTRACT. Serum concentrations of sulphasalazine and sulphapyridine were measured during the first week of life in 15 children whose mothers had been on sulphasalazine during pregnancy. The serum concentrations of sulphapyridine and sulphasalazine were similar in the children and their mothers at delivery. The elimination rate of the drugs in the newborn children was slow but the concentrations were not so high that a bilirubin displacing effect could be expected. In eight mothers who were breast-feeding and taking sulphasalazine, analyses were done of mothers'serum, breast-milk and serum from their children. The results showed that the amount of sulphasalazine and sulphapyridine transferred to the child via the breast-milk is negligible with regard to the risk of kernicterus. It is concluded that a woman in need of sulphasalazine treatment can continue the medication throughout pregnancy and lactation without risk of development of kernicterus in her child. Only term infants without haemolytic disease were included in the study. Thus our conclusion is not necessarily valid for the prematurely born child or the child with haemolytic disease.     

Outbreak of Coxsackievirus A-14 Meningitis among Newborns in a Maternity Hospital Ward

ABSTRACT. During the late winter of 1983, 16 newborns with vague symptoms of failure to thrive, reluctance to feed and a slight rise in body temperature, were found to have meningitis caused by Coxsackievirus A-14. The cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis with polymorphonuclear cells in excess but was otherwise normal. The clinical course was uneventful in all infants, but two of them demonstrated clinical signs of incipient cerebral oedema during the acute phase of the illness. An electroencephalogram (EEG) during the initial course of the disease and at nine months of age was normal in all. During a follow-up period of 21/2 years they all developed normally and no sequelae were noted. The presentation also demonstrates the usefulness of Vero cells for the propagation of the responsible virus.     

Anal Tonometry in the Neonatal Period for the Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease

ABSTRACT. A double balloon technique was used for anal tonometry in 22 infants. The weight was less than 2500 g in 10 of the infants. Ileus or delayed passage of meconium was seen in 9 infants. Thirteen infants had not revealed any symptoms of intestinal obstruction during the first week of life. In all cases, except one, it was possible to demonstrate reflexes from the internal anal sphincter. In 18 infants normal curves were registered from the internal anal sphincter. None of these developed Hirschsprung's disease. In 3 infants a pathological pattern of contractions of the internal anal sphincter was demonstrated. Two of them proved to have Hirschsprung's disease. In the third case normal reflexes were registered after one year. Possibly the innervation of rectum and the internal anal sphincter was disrupted during the neonatal period in connection with enterocolitis and ileus, thus representing a reversible case of achalasia.     

窒息新生儿生后24小时血糖的检测结果分析

目的 :探讨窒息新生儿生后 2 4小时血糖的变化及意义。方法 :93例新生儿于生后 2 4小时内、治疗前抽血送检 ,2 0例正常新生儿于生后次日清晨抽血送检。血糖由全自动生化分析仪进行分析。结果 :(1)重度窒息组血糖明显高于轻度窒息组及对照组。(2 )死亡儿血糖明显高于存活儿 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,且高血糖发生率亦高 (P <0 .0 0 1)。(3)重度窒息儿高血糖发生率明显高于轻度窒息儿 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :窒息早期由于应激 ,儿茶酚胺及皮质醇分泌增加 ,促使血糖升高 ,与病情和预后有一定联系。病情越重 ,血糖越高 ,预后越差     

蒙古族,汉族新生儿蒙古斑研究

目的：调查蒙古族、汉族、蒙汉后裔新生儿蒙古斑的出现情况。方法：观察蒙古斑的数量、颜色、分布、面积，进行分析。结果与结论：蒙古斑出现率蒙古族为７８．７９％，汉族为７３．５４％，蒙汉后裔为８３．７０％。蒙古斑出现率无性别间差异。蒙古斑多分布于臂部和骶尾部。在有斑者中，人均斑面积为０．００２０ｍ＾２左右，斑面积与体表表面的比值多小于２％。     

颅脑超声对高原新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病观察及探讨

本文对西宁地区新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）颅脑超声诊断分析脑缺氧缺血产生的原因、脑实质损伤程度及预后评估。提出对围产期窒息导致脑缺血性损害的预防措施。     

Protective Cellular Immunity Against Influenza Virus Induced by Plasmid Inoculation of Newborn Mice

Neonate organisms display an intrinsic disability to mount effective immune responses to infectious agents or conventional vaccines. Whereas low. doses of antigens trigger a suboptimal response, higher doses are frequently associated with tolerance induction. We investigated the ability of a plasmid-expressing nucleoprotein of influenza virus to prime a specific cellular immune response when administered to newborn mice. We found that persistent exposure to antigen following plasmid inoculation of neonates leads to a vigorous priming of specific CTLs rather than tolerance induction. The CTLs were cross-reactive against multiple strains of type A influenza viruses and produced IFNγ but no IL-4. The immunity triggered by plasmid inoculation of neonates was protective in terms of pulmonary virus clearance as well as survival rate following lethal challenge with influenza virus. Whereas the persistence of the plasmid at the site of injection was readily demonstrable in adult mice at 3 months after inoculation, mice immunized as newborns displayed no plasmid at 3 months and very little at 1 month after injection. Thus, DNA-based immunization of neonates may prove an effective and safe vaccination strategy for induction of cellular immunity against microbes that cause serious infectious diseases in the early period of life.     

Physical parameters in Japanese newborns

Summary A total of 19 physical parameters of the head, face, chest, and the fingers were examined in Japanese 50 male and 50 female newborns, measured 8 to 64 hr after birth. Exceptional values were excluded referring to the estimated mean and standard deviations. Normal values are presented as mean ±2 S.D. for each sex. As compared with Caucasian newborns, the Japanese newborns showed longer inner canthal and shorter outer canthal distances, shorter ear lengths, and longer palm and middle finger lengths.     

性别、孕周、身长体重指数和日龄对早期新生儿血化学指标的影响

为探讨性别、孕周、身长体重指数和日龄对早期新生儿血化学指标的影响，我们对241例早期新生儿六大类常用血化学指标进行了检测和分析，现报道如下。