The aging process and potential interventions to extend life expectancy

Aging is commonly defined as the accumulation of diverse deleterious changes occurring in cells and tissues with advancing age that are responsible for the increased risk of disease and death. The major theories of aging are all specific of a particular cause of aging, providing useful and important insights for the understanding of age-related physiological changes. However, a global view of them is needed when debating of a process which is still obscure in some of its aspects. In this context, the search for a single cause of aging has recently been replaced by the view of aging as an extremely complex, multifactorial process. Therefore, the different theories of aging should not be considered as mutually exclusive, but complementary of others in the explanation of some or all the features of the normal aging process. To date, no convincing evidence showing the administration of existing “anti-aging” remedies can slow aging or increase longevity in humans is available. Nevertheless, several studies on animal models have shown that aging rates and life expectancy can be modified. The present review provides an overlook of the most commonly accepted theories of aging, providing current evidence of those interventions aimed at modifying the aging process.     

富硒钝顶螺旋藻生物保健功能研究

目的对富硒钝顶螺旋藻的抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳与增强免疫功能进行研究。方法通过对照服用富硒钝顶螺旋藻(每天每只小鼠摄入1．072μg Se)、普通钝顶螺旋藻小鼠和空白对照组小鼠血液中CAT(过氧化氢酶)、GSH-Px(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)和SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性的不同对富硒钝顶螺旋藻在抗氧化与抗衰老功能方面的强化作用进行评价。通过比较小鼠血液中的乳酸脱氢酶活性的变化以及游泳、爬杆能力的不同，并进行碳粒廓清和迟发型超敏反应实验，以此对富硒钝顶螺旋藻抗疲劳、增强免疫的效果进行研究。结果与普通钝顶螺旋藻相比，富硒钝顶螺旋藻具有更强的抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳与增强免疫力的功能。     

Growth hormone and aging: A challenging controversy

Although advanced age or symptoms of aging are not among approved indications for growth hormone (GH) therapy, recombinant human GH (rhGH) and various GH-related products are aggressively promoted as anti-aging therapies. Well-controlled studies of the effects of rhGH treatment in endocrinologically normal elderly subjects report some improvements in body composition and a number of undesirable side effects in sharp contrast to major benefits of GH therapy in patients with GH deficiency. Controversies surrounding the potential utility of GH in treatment of a geriatric patient are fueled by increasing evidence linking GH and cancer and by remarkably increased lifespan of GH-resistant and GH-deficient mice. Conservation of cellular signaling mechanisms that influence aging in organisms ranging from worms to mammals suggests that at least some of the results obtained in mutant mice are applicable to the human. We suggest that the normal, physiological functions of GH in promoting growth, sexual maturation and fecundity involve significant costs in terms of aging and life expectancy. Natural decline in GH levels during aging likely contributes to concomitant alterations in body composition and vigor but also may be offering important protection from cancer and other age-associated diseases.     

北柴胡多糖对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的保护作用及其机制

探讨北柴胡多糖（BCP）对D-半乳糖诱导的衰老模型小鼠的保护作用并阐明其作用机制。     

Greener Solution to Waste Corn Stalks and Shortage of Asphalt Resource: Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Novel Performance Enhancer for Asphalt Binder

Utilization of waste corn stalks (CS) has seized extensive attention due to high annual output and hazardous impact of piling aside or direct combustion on environment. However, previously there has been a lot of emphasis on improvement of its energy efficiency as solid fuel while limited investigations are available which explore the possibility of applying corn stalks as performance enhancer in asphalt binder. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of employing hydrochar as modifiers in asphalt binder by a series of experimental tests. In this study, two hydrochar were produced from corn stalks by a novel process called hydrothermal carbonization at a different reaction temperature. The two hydrochar and their responding hydrochar-modified asphalt (HCMA) were tested by chemical and rheological tests. Chemical analysis detected the interaction between hydrochar and binder factions, resulting in poor compatibility but satisfying anti-aging property. Even though hydrochar increased the viscosity of bitumen, implying worse workability, and caused poor storage stability, ameliorated performance of asphalt binder at high temperature by incorporating hydrochar was verified by various criteria such as higher performance grade (PG) failure temperature and lower non-recoverable creep compliance (J_nr). Moreover, higher reaction temperature makes hydrochar’s particles smaller and more homogeneous, which results in slightly lower enhanced high temperature performance, more satisfying workability, better storage stability, and greater anti-aging effect of hydrochar-modified asphalt. Eventually, this study provided a promising win-win solution to environment problems concerning corn stalk treatment and shortage of asphalt binder. Further exploration of methods to improve HCMA’s storage stability, real-scale corroboration on trial section and life cycle assessment of asphalt pavement containing hydrochar modifiers will be followed in the future.     

The efficacy and safety of health qigong for anti-aging: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Aging is a phenomenon that human''s physiology and psychology is progressive decline for natural environment. Health Qigong, as a convenient and effective exercise therapy,is widely used for anti-aging. However, there are no systematic reviews or meta-analysises to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Health Qigong on anti-aging.Methods:We will systematically search for 7 English databases(PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) and 4 Chinese databases(namely the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, the Wanfang Database, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and the Chinese BioMedical Literature Database) from their inceptions to August 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Health Qigong to anti-aging will be included. After the selection and extraction of eligible studies, a meta-analysis will be undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of Health Qigong on anti-aging. Moreover, study selection, data extraction, and the evaluation of the methodological quality of trials will each be independently completed by at least 2 researchers. The Review Manager Software V.5.3 will be employed for meta-analysis to assess the risk of bias, data synthesis, and subgroup analysis.Results:This review will provide the latest knowledge and evidence on the efficacy and safety of Health Qigong for anti-aging through the analysis of various evaluation scales.Conclusion:The conclusion of this review will help clinicians provide effective exercise therapy for anti-aging.Registration number:INPLASY202090017     

Bioactive Bacterial Nanocellulose Membranes Enriched with Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Leaves Aqueous Extract for Anti-Aging Skin Care Applications

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes, with remarkable physical and mechanical properties, emerged as a versatile biopolymeric carrier of bioactive compounds for skin care applications. In this study, BNC membranes were loaded with glycerol (as plasticizer and humectant agent) and different doses (1–3 μg cm⁻²) of an aqueous extract obtained from the hydro-distillation of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaves (HDE), for application as sheet facial masks. All membranes are resistant and highly malleable at dry and wet states, with similar or even better mechanical properties than those of a commercial BNC mask. Moreover, the HDE was found to confer a dose-dependent antioxidant activity to pure BNC. Additionally, upon 3 months of storage at 22–25 °C and 52% relative humidity (RH) or at 40 °C and 75% RH, it was confirmed that the antioxidant activity and the macroscopic aspect of the membrane with 2 μg cm⁻² of HDE were maintained. Membranes were also shown to be non-cytotoxic towards HaCaT and NIH/3T3 cells, and the membrane with 2 μg cm⁻² of HDE caused a significant reduction in the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in NIH/3T3 cells. These findings suggest the suitability and potential of the obtained membranes as bioactive facial masks for anti-aging applications.     

基于秀丽隐杆线虫模型的棉子糖抗衰老作用研究

目的 研究棉子糖抗衰老活性并探讨其作用机制。方法 棉子糖(150、200、250μmol·L^-1)加到大肠杆菌中孵育秀丽隐杆线虫后,显微镜下观察线虫身体弯曲频率、头尾摆动频率、体长,观察热应激刺激下线虫的存活时间;通过脂褐素荧光强度检测评价棉子糖对线虫抗衰老能力的影响;采用DAF-16核定位测定和超氧化物歧化酶-3(SOD-3)表达测定研究其抗衰老的相关机制。结果 与对照组比较,棉子糖3个浓度均使线虫的身体弯曲频率加快(P＜0.001);200μmol·L^-1棉子糖使线虫头尾摆动频率加快(P＜0.01);体长测试结果显示棉子糖3个浓度均对线虫生长发育无毒害作用。热应激测试中,与对照组比较,棉子糖3个浓度均显著延长线虫在热应激条件下的存活时间(P＜0.05)。脂褐素测试中,与对照组比较,棉子糖3个浓度均使线虫体内脂褐素含量显著降低(P＜0.01)。DAF-16核定位测定中,棉子糖3个浓度均促进DAF-16蛋白入核表达。SOD-3表达测定中,与对照组比较,棉子糖250μmol·L^-1浓度组的SOD-3蛋白表达水平显著上升(P＜0.05),与DAF-16核定位测定一并说明棉子糖抗衰老活性依赖ⅡS分子信号通路。结论 棉子糖能够促进线虫的活动能力,对其生长发育无毒害性,并能延缓线虫的衰老速度,促进DAF-16蛋白入核表达,提高SOD-3蛋白表达水平,其抗衰老机制依赖ⅡS分子信号通路。     

基于CiteSpace知识图谱及专利计量对黄精相关研究的可视化分析

目的 探究黄精的研究发展趋势,为黄精栽培、临床研究及产业发展提供参考,为迅速把握其研究内涵和聚焦研究热点提供一定借鉴。方法 从中国知网（CNKI）数据库和Web of Science核心合集数据库中检索黄精中、英文献,利用CiteSpace软件从发文量、发文作者、机构、国家和关键词等方面进行计量学分析;借助incopat数据库的自带分析软件和Excel从专利申请数量、地域、机构及发明人等方面对黄精专利进行分析。结果 近20年黄精的中、英文发文量均呈现阶段性的变化,特别是近5年呈快速增长态势。合作网络共现分析发现中、英文文献发文量最多的作者分别是李友元和鲍锦库;发文量最多的研究机构分别为贵州大学农学院和四川大学,其中中心性最高的机构是中国科学院,在机构合作中影响力较大;中国是英文文献发文量最多的国家,且与其他国家间存在较为广泛的联系,在黄精的相关研究领域中占有重要地位。中、英文文献关键词分析发现黄精成分分析从简单的理化性质研究转向化合物分子结构研究;栽培技术从简单的套种、间作等发展为更适宜的林下种植模式;药理作用研究则集中在调节糖脂代谢、防治糖尿病、抗氧化、抗衰老及抗抑郁等方面。目前黄精...     

膏摩法对衰老模型鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤程度影响的实验研究

探讨膏摩"足三里"延缓衰老的机理。方法:对臭氧衰老模型小鼠"足三里"穴实施膏摩法治疗后,用彗星实验(Comet Assay)检测小鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤程度。结果:膏摩小鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA的拖尾率显著下降(P<0.05),尾长显著减短(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:膏摩法能够通过提高机体自身抗自由基氧化损伤的能力,减轻淋巴细胞DNA的损伤程度,从而达到延缓衰老的目的。