商品猪运输后体温变化及相关因素的研究

应用常规体温检测方法,对2401头经基层食品经营站检疫合格的商品猪,经汽车集中运输至肉联厂后进行体温检测。结果:商品猪体温范围为36.4～42.6℃,月平均体温最低38.8℃,最高40.6℃,平均为39.4℃。6、7、8月体温最高,1、2、3月最低。母性比公性体温高,长白比本地黑猪体温高。     

Hygiene practices in abattoir and slaughter slab,determinants and assessment of abattoir and slaughter slab facilities in Abakaliki,Ebonyi State South-East Nigeria

BackgroundWorkers in slaughterhouses engaging in unhygienic practices create conducive environments for zoonoses and meat contamination. Knowledge of hygiene practices and their determinants provides evidence for the design of targeted interventions.ObjectivesWe investigated knowledge and determinants of hygiene practices among workers in slaughterhouses and assessed slaughterhouse facilities in Abakaliki.MethodsWorkers in the Central Meat Market abattoir and Slaughter slab Abakaliki were interviewed in a cross-sectional quantitative study to ascertain their knowledge and hygiene practices while abattoir facilities were assessed using a checklist. Associations were analysed with Chi-square while predictors were determined using binary logistic model.ResultsWe interviewed 188 workers 75.5% and 85.6% of whom had good knowledge and good hygiene practices respectively. However, hand-washing before and after handling meat (44.1%), cleaning work surfaces with soap and water (45.2%) and sanitary disposal of waste (6.9%) were suboptimal. Knowledge of good hygiene practice was a predictor of good hygiene practice (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 2.0–11.3, p=0.001). Well water and borehole were present in both slaughterhouses and cold rooms were available in Central Meat market abattoir.ConclusionsThe level of good knowledge was high and this was a determinant of good hygienic practices. Training on hygiene practices is recommended to prevent meat contamination and zoonoses.     

屠猪抗菌性物质残留检测方法应用研究

筛选枯草芽胞杆菌(B、subtilis、1011)。藤黄八叠球菌(M.luteus,28001),蜡样芽胞杆菌(B.cereus,63301)三株试验菌株,分别制备营养琼脂检测平。标准抗菌性物质,对三株试验菌株敏感性不同,分为青霉素、链霉素、四环素(氯霉素)、磺胺、呋喃等五类。现场采取肾、肝、肌肉组织,直接滤纸片法,32±1℃,15—18h,培养,呈抑菌圈者,示抗菌性物质残留阳性。人工注射抗菌素和常规屠猪抗菌性物质残留率(量)高低,与贮养时间,注射剂量有关,126头屠猪抗菌性物质残留检出率,肾脏54.8％,其中磺胺类54.0％,青霉素0.8％,肌肉组织阴性。 建立的抗菌性物质残留简易生物分类快速筛选方法简便、省时、省费用、灵敏度高,回收良好,为确证提供了线索,适应于屠猪流水线应用。     

河南省肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工过程中沙门菌污染监测

目的了解河南省肉鸡养殖和屠宰过程中沙门菌的污染状况,为食品安全风险评估提供数据支持。方法选择肉鸡产品销量占河南省市场60%以上的养殖场和屠宰场,于2010年6~10月份在肉鸡养殖环节采集成年鸡肛拭子、在屠宰环节采集鸡酮体按照GB4789.4-2010进行沙门菌定性或/和定量检测。结果共检测368只鸡肛拭子,沙门氏菌检出率8.7%;186份鸡酮体,检出率24.2%。鸡肛拭子检出率最高的月份是7、8月、鸡酮体检出率较高的月份分布在6、8月份;两类样本检出沙门菌血清型前3位一致,均为印第安纳、肠炎和哈达尔沙门菌。鸡酮体沙门菌污染量较低,91.1%在10MPN/g以下。检出沙门菌均具有invA基因。肉鸡胴体和活鸡肛拭子分离沙门菌均具有严重的多重耐药现象,活鸡肛拭子沙门菌较胴体沙门菌耐药严重。结论肉鸡沙门菌的污染取决于肉鸡携带沙门菌和养殖环境中沙门菌的污染状况,并通过屠宰过程使污染扩大化和复杂化。宰后酮体鸡沙门菌的含量不高,但是沙门菌的存在将对食品安全造成潜在危害。分离沙门菌菌株耐药现象严重,提示政府要加大监测力度,养殖部门要合理使用抗生素。     

Mortality in workers employed in pig abattoirs and processing plants

Objective: workers in slaughterhouses and processing plants that handle pigs, and pork butchers/meatcutters have been little studied for health risks associated with employment, in spite of the fact that they are potentially exposed to oncogenic and non-oncogenic transmissible agents and chemical carcinogens at work. We report here on an update of mortality in 510 workers employed in abattoirs and processing plants that almost exclusively handled pigs and pork products.Methods: standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated for the cohort as a whole, and in subgroups defined by race and sex, using the corresponding US general population mortality rates for comparison. Study subjects were followed up from January 1950 to December 2006, during which time 45% of them died.Results: mortality was significantly increased overall in the cohort. A statistically significant excess of deaths was observed for colon and lung cancers in the entire cohort, SMR=2.7 (95% CI, 1.2–5.1), SMR=1.8 (95% CI, 1.1–2.7), respectively. Significant SMRs in the cohort as a whole were also observed for senile and pre-senile psychotic conditions (SMR=5.1, 95% CI, 1.4–13.1), and pneumonia (SMR=2.6, 95% CI, 1.3–4.8). An observed excess of subarachnoid hemorrhage was seen mainly in whites (SMR=10.1, 95% CI, 1.2–36.3). There was a suggestion of an excess of deaths from ischemic heart disease also, but the elevated SMR was confined to men and was not statistically significant.Conclusion: this study confirms the excess occurrence of lung and colon cancers, and stroke previously reported in this occupational group. New findings are the excess of risk for senile and pre-senile psychotic conditions and pneumonia, which together with the excess of colon cancer appear specific for pig/pork workers, as they were not evident in much larger studies of workers in abattoirs and processing plants handling cattle and sheep. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting these findings, since some of them could have occurred by chance, resulting from our examination of a large number of causes of death in multiple study subgroups. For the moment, the significance of these findings remains unknown until they are confirmed in larger studies of adequate statistical power. Studies that will take into account possible occupational and non-occupational confounding factors are needed.     

Salmonella in slaughter pigs of German origin: An epidemiological study

The Salmonella prevalence in slaughter pigs of German origin was determined in seven abattoirs located in different regions of the country between February and June 1996. A total of 11,942 pigs delivered to the abattoirs in 752 batches, most of them comprised of pigs from individual finishing farms, was investigated by the bacteriological examination of faecal and gut lymph node samples, as well as of surface swabs taken from the carcasses. Salmonellae were isolated from 3.7% of the faecal samples, 3.3% of the lymph nodes and 4.7% of the surface swabs. The estimated overall prevalence of Salmonellae was 6.2% in the slaughter pigs, ranging between 1.9% and 12% in individual abattoirs. In the samples taken from carcasses, the estimated prevalence of Salmonellae reached 10.3%. 648 out of 752 batches could be included in a statistical analysis. No Salmonellae were detected in nearly 70 percent of the batches included in this analysis (n = 648). High Salmonella prevalences of more than 50 percent positive animals were detected only in 13 batches (2.0%). A statistically significant influence of the duration of the transport of slaughter pigs to the abattoirs or the waiting period in the abattoirs prior to slaughter could not be detected.     

水解-接触氧化工艺处理屠宰废水

对于含有较高COD、SS、动植物油类及色度的屠宰废水，采用水解一接触氧化处理工艺。2a多的运行结果表明，其处理效果稳定，处理出水达到了GB13457-92肉类加工工业污染物排放标准中禽类屠宰加工二级排放标准。     

A survey of zoonotic diseases in trade cattle slaughtered at Tanga city abattoir: a cause of public health concern

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis, cysticercosis, tuberculosis, leptospirosis, brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in slaughtered bovine stock (aged ±3 years) at Tanga city abattoir, Tanzania.

Methods

Prevalence estimation of the five zoonotic diseases was undertaken through an active abattoir and sero-survey was carried out in Tanga city, during the period of January 2002 and March 2004. Serum samples collected from a sub-sample (n=51) of the slaughter stock were serologically screened for antibodies against brucellosis, leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using Rose Bengal plate test, microscopic agglutination test (for 5 serovars of Leptospira interrogans) and Eiken latex agglutination test, respectively. The same animals were tested for tuberculosis using the single intradermal tuberculin test.

Results

Post mortem examination of 12 444 slaughter cattle (10 790 short horn zebu and 1 654 graded) over a period of twenty two months, showed a prevalence of 1.56% (194) for hydatidosis, 1.49% (185) for cysticercosis and 0.32% (40) for tuberculosis. In all three zoonoses, a statistically significant difference in infection rates was noted between the short horn zebu and graded breeds (P<0.05). The overall seroprevalences of animals with brucellosis, toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis antibodies were found to be 12%, 12% and 51%, respectively. The most common leptospiral antibodies detected were those against antigens of serovars Leptospira hardjo (29%), Leptospira tarassovi (18%), Leptospira bataviae (4%) and Leptospira pomona (0%). With regard to tuberculosis, 10% (n=5) of the animals tested were classified as non-specific reactors or inconclusive.

Conclusions

The study findings suggest that brucellosis, toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis are prevalent in Tanga and provide definitive evidence of slaughtered stock exposure to these zoonotic agents with concurrent public health consequences.