批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物分析

我国奶牛养殖规模不断扩大,奶业产值比重逐步提高,给奶牛疫病防治带来巨大压力。奶牛乳房炎及细菌性肺炎等呼吸系统疾病和细菌性肠炎等消化系统疾病最为常见,抗菌药物的使用成为主要防治手段。但抗菌药物的不当使用易使细菌产生耐药性,增加临床治疗的成本和难度,危害我国奶牛产业发展。本文对截至2021年7月我国和美国、英国、日本、欧盟批准用于奶牛的抗菌药物产品进行整理、统计与分析,包括抗菌药物的分类、剂型以及适应证等,旨在为我国奶牛用抗菌药物管理、合理用药和新兽药开发提供参考。     

Evaluation of wound contraction and epithelialization after subcutaneous administration of Theranekron® in cows

Ten bulls (age 7 months, weight 302 ± 15 kg) were used in this study. After sterile preparation of skin, a full thickness wound (20 × 20 mm) was created in each bull. The bulls were randomly assigned into two groups: group 1 received 6 ml Theranekron subcutaneously and group 2 penicillin banzatine 10,000 IU/kg IM. These doses were repeated 6 days after initial wounding. At days 0, 3, 6, 10 and 14, digital photographs were taken from the wounds to calculate wound contraction and epithelialization using geometry. Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis using SPSS 9 for Windows. There was no significant differences in wound contraction between trial groups (P > 0.05) but a statistical difference was seen in epithelialization between groups (P < 0.05). Epithelialization is one of the most important factors in wound healing. According to the results of the present study, Theranekron can significantly stimulate epithelialization in full thickness wounds in cows during the first 14 days of healing.     

An enzymatic cow immunity-targeted approach to reducing milk somatic cell count: 3. A comparative field trial

The effectiveness of lysosubtilin and lysozyme, a combination thereof and a combination of these enzyme preparations (each alone and in combination) with vitamins as possible coimmunostimulants, which reduced the milk somatic cell count (SCC), were compared in a field trial. Seventy second to third lactation Lithuanian Black and White cows with a similar milk SCC ([750±200]×10³?cells?ml^?1) and of a similar weight (550±50?kg) were involved in the trial and were randomly allocated into seven groups (n=10). Lysosubtilin and/or lysozyme at doses of 0.02?g?kg?wt^?1 and 0.2?g?kg?wt^?1, respectively, and vitamins A, C and E (if any) at doses twice as high as required for nutritional adequacy were given, except for control group cows, once daily with feed for ten successive days. After four-, seven-, and ten-day periods of giving enzymes (with or without vitamins) a significant reduction of SCC (p<0.001) was observed in the milk of cows that received a combination of lysozyme with vitamins. On the tenth day a significant reduction of SCC (p<0.001) was also observed in the milk of cows that received lysozyme and lysosubtilin (each alone; without vitamins) or lysosubtilin in combination with vitamins. At the end of the trial (on the 15th day) SCC in milk of cows of all of the study groups was significantly lower (p<0.001) when compared with that of the control group.     

The comparative evaluation of uterine and cervical mucosa cytology with endometrial histopathology in cows

Reproductive tract abnormalities especially in the uterus and ovaries of cows often results in infertility. The object of this study was to determine the relationship between the cytology of uterine and cervical mucosa and endometrial histopathology in normal and endometritic cows. In this study, the genital tracts of 131 slaughtered cows were collected. According to macroscopic appearances and histopathological evaluation, reproductive tracts were divided into normal and abnormal. Cytological samples were obtained from the discharges of cervical mucosa and uterine fluid that were collected by wet cotton swab and gentle aspiration. Differential cellular counts were carried on Giemsa stained smears of the mucosa. Comparison of cell densities of normal cows with endometritic cows showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the macrophage presence both by swab (0.00±0.00) and aspiration (0.16±0.55) methods. Comparison of cell densities in different grades of endometritis showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the neutrophil percentage in cervical mucosa between the swabbing and aspiration methods. In this study, there were no significant differences in cell densities between the two collection methods in cows affected with either acute or chronic endometritis. However, there was significant difference in the neutrophil density in aspirated cervical mucosa compared to the swab collection in cows affected with subacute endometritis. Cytological methods can be useful for the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical endometritis of cows.     

2009—2018年永靖县妇女乳腺疾病检出情况

目的:了解甘肃省永靖县妇女常见乳腺疾病类型及发生情况,为进一步深入研究和实施干预提供依据。方法:收集2009—2018年在永靖县妇幼保健院进行乳腺检查妇女的相关信息进行回顾性分析。结果:2009—2018年在永靖县妇幼保健院进行乳腺检查者6 265例,共检出乳腺疾病患者2 010例,其中乳腺炎218例,主要集中在40岁以下妇女;积乳269例,多为40岁以下妇女;乳腺导管扩张235例,主要见于25～54岁女性;有乳腺肿块者1 239例,多见于25～54岁妇女;乳腺淋巴炎30例,多为25～54岁女性;乳腺早期发育者19例,主要见于29岁以下女性。检出肿块并确诊为乳腺癌的患者共有75例,确诊率为6.05%,乳腺癌患者主要集中于刘家峡镇、太极镇和盐锅峡镇女性居民中。结论:永靖县妇女的各类乳腺疾病呈现年龄和区域的聚集性,应根据年龄变化和区域特点,确定高危人群和重点区域,做好乳腺相关知识的宣传教育工作,降低各类乳腺疾病的发生率,提高妇女的生活质量。     

浆细胞性乳腺炎1例治疗体会

目的:采用中药内服与外治相结合的方法治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎早期。方法:采用穿刺法抽出脓液,用甲硝唑注射液行脓腔冲洗,再配合中药内服。结果:患者疗效好、病程短。结论:在浆细胞性乳腺炎早期脓肿形成还未破溃时,采用中药内服与外治相结合的方法能很快缓解病情,防止疾病进一步发展,具有经济、有效、创伤小、防止乳房变形等优点。     

Parinaud’s syndrome and ipsilateral tonic ocular skew deviation from unilateral right paramedian thalamic infarct

We describe a case of unilateral paramedian thalamic infarct resulting in Parinaud’s syndrome and an ipsilateral tonic ocular skew deviation. Although two previous cases of phasic ipsiversive ocular tilt reaction (OTR) have been recorded as a result of a unilateral mesodiencephalic lesion, this is the first case in which a tonic skew deviation has been reported to accompany the pretectal syndrome.     

中西医结合治疗急性乳腺炎32例疗效观察

目的:探讨了中西医结合治疗急性乳腺炎的疗效。方法:回顾性分析了我院2009年1月～2011年12月收治急性乳腺炎64例患者的临床资料,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用一般的治疗方法,观察组在对照组的基础上加用中药治疗。结果:治疗组32例中,有效29例,无效3例,有效率90.63%;对照组32例中,有效22例,无效10例,有效率为68.75%。治疗组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:中西医结合治疗能减轻疼痛、缩短病程、快速消除症状,使大多数患者避免手术切开引流,值得推广。