Toward Better Data Dashboards for US Drug Value Assessments

ObjectivesTo explore the use of data dashboards to convey information about a drug’s value, and reduce the need to collapse dimensions of value to a single measure.MethodsReview of the literature on US Drug Value Assessment Frameworks, and discussion of the value of data dashboards to improve the manner in which information on value is displayed.ResultsThe incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year ratio is a useful starting point for conversation about a drug’s value, but it cannot reflect all of the elements of value about which different audiences care deeply. Data dashboards for drug value assessments can draw from other contexts. Decision makers should be presented with well-designed value dashboards containing various metrics, including conventional cost per quality-adjusted life-year ratios as well as measures of a drug’s impact on clinical and patient-centric outcomes, and on budgetary and distributional consequences, to convey a drug’s value along different dimensions.ConclusionsThe advent of US drug value frameworks in health care has forced a concomitant effort to develop appropriate information displays. Researchers should formally test different formats and elements.     

药品行政保护品种介绍:抗感染药物(九)(续八)

甲磺酸曲伐沙星及其Ｔｒｏｖａｎ片剂　通用名 :甲磺酸曲伐沙星 (ｔｒｏｖａｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎｍｅｓｙｌａｔｅ) ,商品名 :Ｔｒｏｖａｎ片剂 ,化学名 :(1α,5α ,6α) 7 (6 氨基 3 氮杂双环[3 ,1 ,0 ] 己 3 基 ) 1 (2 ,4 二氟苯基 ) 6 氟 1 ,4 二氢 4 氧 1 ,8 萘啶 3 羧酸单甲磺酸盐 ,结构式见图 1。　　申请日 :1 998年 3月 1 7日。申请人 :美国辉瑞公司。申请号 :Ａ ＵＳ 980 3 1 70 2。授权日 :1 998年1 0月 2 7日 ,授权号 :Ｂ ＵＳ 981 0 2 71 1。法定行政保护期 :自授权之日起 7.5ａ,到 2 0 0 6年 4月 2 7日。专利介绍 :专利号…     

药品行政保护品种介绍:神经和精神系统药物(一)(待续)

文拉法辛缓释胶囊　通用名 :文拉法辛 (venla faxine)缓释胶囊。商品名 :怡诺思 (Efexor)缓释胶囊。化学名 :(R/S) 1 [2 (二甲胺 ) 1 (4 甲氧苯基 )乙基 ]环己醇盐酸盐。结构式见图 1。图 1　文拉法辛结构式　　　Fig 1　Structureofvenlafaxine　　申请日 :1999年 4月 16日。申请人 :荷兰AHP制药有限公司。申请号 :A NL 990 4 16 10。授权号 :B NL 9912 2 32 1。授权日 :1999年 12月 2 3日。法定行政保护期 :从授权之日起 7.5a ,到 2 0 0 7年 6月2 3日止。专利介绍 :欧洲专利第 0 12 2 6 6 9号。商标注册 :在我国注册的商标为怡诺…     

药品行政保护品种介绍:甾体药物(二)(续一)

氟替卡松干粉吸入剂通用名:氟替卡松(fluticasone)干粉吸入剂.商品名:辅舒酮(Flixotide)干粉吸入剂.化学名与结构式同上期介绍.申请日:1999年3月11日.申请人:德国葛兰素威康有限公司.申请号:A-DE990 3 1104.授权号:B-DE00071008.授权日:2000年7月10日.法定行政保护期:因本国专利到期而提前终止,即到2005年3月8日.专利介绍:德国专利第3105307号.剂型及规格:干粉吸入剂 , 每支50,100,250 μg.药理作用:本品是一种作用于局部的皮质激素,具有较高的治疗指数和强效的抗炎活性.在肺部产生强效糖皮质激素的抗炎作用,从而减轻哮喘的症状和阻止哮喘恶化.Product brief of administrative protection of pharmaceuticals: steroidal agent s (2) (continuation 1)     

药品行政保护品种介绍:钙调节药

帕米膦酸二钠粉针剂 通用名：帕米膦酸二钠（pamidronate disodium pentahydrate）。商品名：阿可达（Aredia）。化学名：3-氨基-1-羟基丙烷二膦酸二钠五水合物。结构式见图1。     

药品行政保护品种介绍:消炎镇痛药

双氯芬酸树脂盐口服滴剂 通用名：双氯芬酸树脂盐（diclofenac resinate）。商品名：扶他林（Voharen）。化学名：邻-（2，6-二氯苯胺基）苯乙酸树脂盐。结构式见图1。     

药品行政保护品种介绍:神经系统与精神药物(五)(续完)

神经妥乐平片剂通用名:牛痘免疫病毒疫苗接种家兔炎症皮肤组织提取物片剂.商品名:神经妥乐平(Neurotropin)片剂.     

The Questionable Economic Case for Value-Based Drug Pricing in Market Health Systems

This article investigates the economic theory and interpretation of the concept of “value-based pricing” for new breakthrough drugs with no close substitutes in a context (such as the United States) in which a drug firm with market power sells its product to various buyers. The interpretation is different from that in a country that evaluates medicines for a single public health insurance plan or a set of heavily regulated plans. It is shown that there will not ordinarily be a single value-based price but rather a schedule of prices with different volumes of buyers at each price. Hence, it is incorrect to term a particular price the value-based price, or to argue that the profit-maximizing monopoly price is too high relative to some hypothesized value-based price. When effectiveness of treatment or value of health is heterogeneous, the profit-maximizing price can be higher than that associated with assumed values of quality-adjusted life-years. If the firm sets a price higher than the value-based price for a set of potential buyers, the optimal strategy of the buyers is to decline to purchase that drug. The profit-maximizing price will come closer to a unique value-based price if demand is less heterogeneous.     

An assessment of the translational relevance of Drosophila in drug discovery

Introduction: Drosophila melanogaster offers a powerful expedient and economical system with facile genetics. Because of the high sequence and functional conservation with human disease-associated genes, it has been cardinal in deciphering disease mechanisms at the genetic and molecular level. Drosophila are amenable to and respond well to pharmaceutical treatment which coupled to their genetic tractability has led to discovery, repositioning, and validation of a number of compounds.

Areas covered: This review summarizes the generation of fly models of human diseases, their advantages and use in elucidation of human disease mechanisms. Representative studies provide examples of the utility of this system in modeling diseases and the discovery, repositioning and testing on pharmaceuticals to ameliorate them.

Expert opinion: Drosophila offers a facile and economical whole animal system with many homologous organs to humans, high functional conservation and established methods of generating and validating human disease models. Nevertheless, it remains relatively underused as a drug discovery tool probably because its relevance to mammalian systems remains under question. However, recent exciting success stories using Drosophila disease models for drug screening, repositioning and validation strongly suggest that fly models should figure prominently in the drug discovery pipeline from bench to bedside.