先天性输精管缺如患者生育问题的研究

自1988年至1991年共收治25例先天性输精管缺如患者,在20例行手术诊治术中15例用自体睾丸精索鞘膜制成人工精池囊,5例又在囊内放置用微涤纶制成的异质管。术中抽吸10例附睾内精子进行快速活化,其中5例活化成功,行人工授精,结果2例怀孕,1例已生育一女孩。认为该症是有生育可能的,但需要解决3个问题:(1)采用显微外科技术把附睾内部活着的精子取出一定数量;(2)选配好快速活化剂使精子快速活化成功;(3)用患者的精浆培养自己的精子。建议对梗阻性无精子症在用手术疏通精路的同时可以采用快速活化精子技术行人工授精,以提高生育的效果。     

华蟾蜍毒素对离体豚鼠输精管的作用

华蟾蜍毒素(华蟾素)使离体豚鼠输精管产生剂量依赖性收缩反应,利血平化豚鼠输精管及冷藏输精管对华蟾素反应减弱。给酚妥拉明、维拉帕米后,输精管对华蟾素反应均受抑制,溴苄胺可使反应潜伏期缩短。结果提示华蟾素收缩输精管反应可能与其促进肾上腺素能神经末稍NA释放有关。     

猕猴输精管内注射高分子聚合物HFMC后对睾丸组织结构的影响

本实验选用具有生育力成年雄性猕猴７只，在直视下行双侧ＨＦＭＣ输精管内注射，每侧剂量分别为３０ｍｇ１只，６０ｍｇ和１００ｍｇ各３只；于注射后２．５年和３．５年分别处死动物，取睾丸组织进行光镜和电镜观察．结果发现：猕猴注射ＨＦＭＣ２．５年后，睾丸光镜大部分曲细精管生精上皮结构完整，排列整齐。仅见局部少数管腔生精上皮层数减少，上皮细胞轻度水样变性等病理改变。电镜下曲细精管内除支持细胞内脂褐素增多，轻度基底膜增厚和精母细胞内质网扩张外，各级生精细胞，支持细胞及细胞间连接复合体等超微结构未见明显异常。注射ＨＦＭＣ３．５年后猕猴的光镜、电镜结果与注射后２．５年结果相似，但局部改变较２．５年组轻。上述结果表明：猕猴输精管内注射一定剂量ＨＦＭＣ节育不会引起睾丸组织的严重病理改变。但是，由于注射ＨＦＭＣ后，ＨＦＭＣ释放Ｈ＋及其对输精管的暂时阻塞，改变了精子生存的内环境，使睾丸出现局部轻度病理改变，随着ＨＦＭＣ逐渐溶解排出，睾丸功能相继恢复正常，配对产仔。为ＨＦＭＣ应用提供了安全性依据。     

Role of intracellular Ca2+ stores in smooth muscle contractions of the guinea pig vas deferens

Summary Guinea pig vas deferens was used as an animal model for alpha-1 adrenoceptor (₁-receptor) mediated contractions in human hyperplastic prostatic tissue. The selective ₁-receptor agonist, phenylephrine (PE), induced fully reversible, dose-dependent contractions antagonized by increasing concentrations of the ₁-receptor blockers prazosin (1–100 nM) and YM 617 (0.1–10 nM). Removal of extracellular Ca²⁺ reduced PE-evoked contractions in a time-dependent manner. Nifedipine (1–1000 nM), a blocker of voltage-dependent L-type Ca²⁺ channels (VDCC), inhibited the PE-induced response by up to 65%. Removal of extracellular Ca²⁺ abolished the ₁-agonist reactivity in a time-dependent fashion. To elucidate the participation of intracellular Ca²⁺ stores in ₁-receptor contractions, the tissue was pretreated with ryanodine (10 M) or thapsigargin (0.1 M), established inhibitors of Ca²⁺ release from intracellular pools. Both substances reduced the PE contractions by up to 80%. Nifedipine suppressed the remaining contractions completely. This provides evidence that Ca²⁺ influx through VDCC and Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores contribute to ₁-receptor contractions in the guinea pig vas deferens and may be important in obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia.     

输精管粘堵剂的毒理学研究

本文报道输精管粘堵剂(504P)的代谢与毒理研究结果。动物实验结果表明:504部分地被机体吸收后较快排出体外,无长期蓄积作用。504P、504对动物无明显急毒作用;对所测生理指标、血细胞及生化指标亦无明显影响;组织学观察见堵塞处输精管腔纤维化闭塞,其近端输精管精子淤积;致癌试验表明该剂无致癌作用;Ames试验、染色体畸变分析、微核试验及显性致死试验表明该剂无致突变作用。     

Effect of ageing on the number of neuronal noradrenaline uptake sites in the rat vas deferens

Summary Previous work has shown an age-related reduction in neuronal uptake of noradrenaline in the prostatic, but not in the epididymal portion of the rat vas deferens. In the present paper, the influence of ageing on the number of [³H]desipramine binding sites and on the effect of lithium on neuronal [³H]noradrenaline uptake were studied in the prostatic and epididymal portions of vasa deferentia from 4- and 20-month-old rats. The affinity for [³H]desipramine (K _d values) in the epididymal and prostatic portions did not change with age. However, ageing reduced the maximal number of [³H]desipramine binding sites (B_max values) in the prostatic, but not in the epididymal portion. Lithium potentiated neuronal [³H]noradrenaline uptake only in the prostatic portion and this potentiation was not changed by ageing. The results showed differences in neuronal noradrenaline uptake between the two portions of the vas deferens. Furthermore, the data suggest that the age-related reduction in neuronal uptake in the prostatic portion is due to a reduction in the number of neuronal uptake sites for noradrenaline. Correspondence to R. Pekelmann Markus at the above address     

Relationship between obsessional personality traits,neuroticism and extraversion in normal subjects

On the basis of the available literature, the relationships between obsessional personality traits, neuroticism, and extraversion are unclear. Two studies on recovered depressed patients yielded conflicting results.^1,2 In our present study we attempted to investigate this issue by using a large group of normal individuals.     

Potentiation of sympathetic neuromuscular transmission mediated by muscarinic receptors in guinea pig isolated vas deferens

In guinea-pig isolated vasa deferentia, purinergic neurogenic contractions and responses to applied adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) were potentiated by carbachol; responses to adrenergic transmission and applied noradrenaline were not. Following blockade of P2 receptors and -adrenoceptors, the residual neurogenic response was massively potentiated by carbachol, suggesting the presence of a non-purinergic, non-adrenergic component. In the presence of guanethidine, carbachol had no significant effect, indicating that sympathetic transmission was the only element involved. Use of oxotremorine and selective muscarinic receptor antagonists suggested that the potentiating effect of carbachol and oxotremorine was mediated via M3 muscarinic receptors without involvement of nicotinic receptors.     

Preclinical evaluation for noninvasive reversal following long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride in langur monkeys

A preclinical evaluation for reversal through a noninvasive approach following long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) has been attempted in langur monkeys at the level of semen parameters, sperm functional tests, semen biochemistry, histology and ultrastructure of reproductive organs, hematology and serum clinical biochemistry including antisperm antibodies (ASA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone. Noninvasive reversal through palpation, percutaneous squeezing and electrical stimulation, forced vibratory movements and suprapubic percussion in the inguinal segments and per-rectal digital massage was attempted in seven langur monkeys after 540 days following vas occlusion. The results revealed instant azoospermia reversal on the same day of reversal with impaired sperm quality, which showed gradual improvement and normospermia with normal motility and viability after 60-90 days of reversal. Sperm functional tests, including ultrastructure of spermatozoa, indicative of sterility in the initial ejaculations, reached normalcy after 90-120 days of reversal. The seminal plasma biochemistry indicative of obstructive azoospermia regained a normal pattern after 90-120 days of reversal. The morphology of testes that showed focal degeneration during 540 days of vas occlusion and that of vasa deferentia that showed exfoliation of epithelial cells resumed to normal morphology comparable with control animals after 150 days of reversal. The morphology of the epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate did not show appreciable changes following vas occlusion and after noninvasive reversal compared with those of control animals. Hematology, serum clinical chemistry, ASA, PSA and testosterone fluctuated within control limits, indicating safety of the procedure at the level of accessory reproductive organs. The results suggest that noninvasive reversal is feasible even after long-term vas occlusion with SMA and is safe without adverse side effects.