758名厨师超重肥胖及相关危险因素调查分析

目的 了解厨师人群中超重肥胖患病情况和存在的相关危险因素。方法 整群抽取昌平区餐馆、饭店等餐饮单位共计758名厨师调查对象,进行体格检查和生化检验,统计分析超重肥胖患病率及相关危险因素。结果 758名厨师超重肥胖率随年龄的增长有上升趋势(χ_年龄²=78.62,P=0.000),超重肥胖率男性高于女性(χ_性别²=9.252,P=0.010);糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常都与肥胖有关,糖尿病、高血压、超重肥胖和血脂异常都与年龄有关;超重肥胖人群中40~49岁年龄组高血压和高血脂患病率最高。结论 有效降低厨师高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症等慢性病患病关键是控制该人群超重肥胖率;40岁以上厨师是慢性病防治的重点;采用可行有效的健康教育方式改变该人群不良生活方式,提高自我保健意识。     

宫颈扩张球囊与控释地诺前列酮栓用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟及引产临床效果观察

目的 比较宫颈扩张球囊与控释地诺前列酮栓用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟的引产效果及不良反应.方法 将208例于产科住院待产的单胎头位初产妇随机分为宫颈扩张球囊组(球囊组)118例,控释地诺前列酮栓(欣普贝生)组(药物组)90例,对产妇宫颈成熟、分娩方式、总产程、使用催产素情况、妊娠结局及并发症进行统计分析.结果 球囊组与药物组产妇引产前后宫颈Bishop评分、促宫颈成熟有效率、引产成功率和剖宫产率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).球囊组使用缩宫素率高于药物组,子宫过度刺激发生率较药物组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).药物组自然临产率明显高于球囊组,总产程明显短于球囊组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组产后出血量、新生儿窒息发生率、羊水粪染发生率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 宫颈扩张球囊与控释地诺前列酮栓促宫颈成熟效果相似,控释地诺前列酮栓引产效果优于宫颈扩张球囊,但其安全性低于宫颈扩张球囊.     

黄精的炮制研究

目的探讨黄精合适的炮制方法,为黄精的炮制理论研究与实践提供依据。方法通过冲刷法去杂质,改良重蒸法加以炮制,严格控制蒸、焖以及烘烤的时间和温度,并对炮制过程中重量、颜色、品味的变化过程进行记录和对比。结果黄精经炮制后其多糖含量明显下降,炮制过程当中,根茎的重量减少77.3%左右时,其重量几乎不再减少,折干率为22.7%左右。结论经冲刷法去杂质,改良重蒸法加以炮制的黄精从里到外乌黑发亮,质地柔软,有粘性,薄片者光亮透明,无刺激性及副作用,糖性浓烈,口感好,利于服用。     

烹调对蔬菜中Vit C的影响

为了解蔬菜在通常烹调加工条件下Ｖｉｔ Ｃ的损失情况，将市售新鲜蔬菜洗净切好，经不同烹调方法和时间处理，用２，６二氯酚靛酚滴定法测定烹调前后还原型Ｖｉｔ Ｃ的含量，结果显示，随着炒菜时间的延长Ｖｉｔ Ｃ的损失增加，３分钟员失３３。６８％，１０分钟平均损失增至４４．６３％，高温煲汤亦会造成Ｖｉｔ Ｃ的损失，煲汤１小时相当于炒３分钟的损失量，而汽中蔬菜Ｖｉｔ Ｃ含量仍占汤菜Ｖｉｔ Ｃ总含量的３４．３３％     

Association between wood cooking fuel and maternal hypertension at delivery in central East India

Objective: Smoke from burning of biomass fuels has been linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes and hypertension among nonpregnant subjects; association with hypertension during pregnancy has not been well studied. We evaluated whether the use of wood cooking fuel increases the risk of maternal hypertension at delivery compared to gas which burns with less smoke. Methods: Information on fuel use and blood pressure was available for analysis from a cross-sectional survey of 1369 pregnant women recruited at delivery in India. Results: Compared to gas users, women using wood as fuel had on average lower mean arterial pressure (adjusted effect size???2.0?mmHg; 95% CI: ?3.77, ?0.31) and diastolic blood pressure (adjusted effect size ?1.96?mmHg; 95% CI: ?3.60, ?0.30) at delivery. Risk of hypertension (systolic >139?mmHg or diastolic >89?mmHg) was 14.6% for wood users compared to 19.6% for gas users although this did not reach significance after adjustment, using propensity score techniques, for factors that make wood and gas users distinct (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.76; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.17). Conclusions: Combustion products from the burning of biomass fuels are similar to those released with tobacco smoking, which has been linked with a reduced risk for preeclampsia. The direction of our findings suggests the possibility of a similar effect for biomass cook smoke. Whether clean cooking interventions being promoted by international advocacy organizations will impact hypertension in pregnancy warrants further analysis as hypertension remains a leading cause of maternal death worldwide and cooking with biomass fuels is widespread.     

Cold cook methods: An ethnographic exploration on the myths of methamphetamine production and policy implications

BackgroundUrban legends and myths are prevalent in drug-use environments. However, the distinction between myth and fact is not always clear. We found contradictory claims regarding the emergence of cold cook methods for producing methamphetamine when contrasting user-generated reports with official reports repudiating such methods as myths. Our aim is to open the topic for more academic discussion.MethodsWe examine cold cook methods of methamphetamine production revealed in our ethnographic study and interviews with former (n = 50) and current (n = 48) methamphetamine users. Data were collected in the suburbs of a large southeastern city in the United States. We compare the data with reports from law enforcement professionals and public health officials.ResultsOfficial reports claim the cold cook method described by users in our study is a myth and does not produce methamphetamine. Small-scale producers sell it as methamphetamine and users claim it has the same effect as methamphetamine. They are charged for possession and distribution of methamphetamine when caught with this drug. It appears the unintended consequences of recent policy aimed to reduce production and use of methamphetamine may be a user-friendly production method. We do not know the health implications at this time.ConclusionWe do not make any definitive conclusions on the legitimacy of the stories or myths discussed here but instead suggest that labelling drug stories as myths might lead to dismissing facts that hold partial truth. The subsequent dismissal of cold cook methods among policy and public health officials risks a range of unintended consequences among vulnerable populations. We present our case for more research attention on the myths of methamphetamine production.     

Comparison of two mechanical devices for cervical ripening: a prospective quasi-randomized trial

Objective: To compare the efficacy of two mechanical devices for cervical ripening: Foley catheter with extra-amniotic saline infusion and the Cook cervical ripening balloon. Methods: Women at term with a singleton pregnancy who presented for labor induction were randomly assigned to the Foley catheter or the Cook cervical ripening balloon (costs $3 and $41, respectively). The main outcome measures included time from device insertion to delivery, rates of successful vaginal delivery and occurrence of adverse events. Results: The study was completed by 188 women. Time from balloon insertion to expulsion and from insertion to delivery was significantly shorter in the Foley catheter group when compared with the Cook cervical ripening balloon group (6.9 ± 4.2 vs. 10.1 ± 4.7 hours, p = .001 and 19.6 ± 11.4 vs. 23.4 ± 15.5 hours, p = .03, respectively). There were no significant differences in other outcomes. Conclusions: Considering its shorter induction process and lower cost, Foley catheter with extra-amniotic saline infusion is superior to the Cook cervical ripening balloon for initiating cervical ripening.