全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22629篇 |
免费 | 1593篇 |
国内免费 | 690篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 181篇 |
儿科学 | 475篇 |
妇产科学 | 390篇 |
基础医学 | 4483篇 |
口腔科学 | 379篇 |
临床医学 | 1601篇 |
内科学 | 3832篇 |
皮肤病学 | 636篇 |
神经病学 | 1380篇 |
特种医学 | 287篇 |
外科学 | 2690篇 |
综合类 | 2925篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 1397篇 |
眼科学 | 205篇 |
药学 | 2134篇 |
3篇 | |
中国医学 | 654篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1259篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 35篇 |
2023年 | 252篇 |
2022年 | 516篇 |
2021年 | 694篇 |
2020年 | 645篇 |
2019年 | 775篇 |
2018年 | 675篇 |
2017年 | 708篇 |
2016年 | 725篇 |
2015年 | 787篇 |
2014年 | 1341篇 |
2013年 | 1406篇 |
2012年 | 1268篇 |
2011年 | 1572篇 |
2010年 | 1287篇 |
2009年 | 1261篇 |
2008年 | 1141篇 |
2007年 | 1219篇 |
2006年 | 1159篇 |
2005年 | 1005篇 |
2004年 | 904篇 |
2003年 | 694篇 |
2002年 | 503篇 |
2001年 | 369篇 |
2000年 | 398篇 |
1999年 | 289篇 |
1998年 | 241篇 |
1997年 | 262篇 |
1996年 | 343篇 |
1995年 | 299篇 |
1994年 | 247篇 |
1993年 | 199篇 |
1992年 | 109篇 |
1991年 | 105篇 |
1990年 | 65篇 |
1989年 | 57篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1985年 | 130篇 |
1984年 | 175篇 |
1983年 | 134篇 |
1982年 | 169篇 |
1981年 | 134篇 |
1980年 | 104篇 |
1979年 | 115篇 |
1978年 | 70篇 |
1977年 | 53篇 |
1976年 | 45篇 |
1975年 | 53篇 |
1973年 | 35篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
�� �������������������л �� 《中国实用口腔科杂志》2015,8(11):679-682
??Objective To discuss the influence of basic periodontal therapy on the level of IL-8?? IL-10 in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in patients who have chronic periodontitis complicated by coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 65 cases of patients with chronic periodontitis complicated by coronary heart disease were selected and divided into two groups randomly??Group A of 35 patients who received the basic periodontal therapy and cardiac medical treatment??Group B of 30 patients who received cardiological treatment only. Then??select 25 patient who had developed chronic severe periodontitis with non-systematic disease to establish group C and give them the basic periodontal therapy only. Observe the changes of the IL-8??IL-10 levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid and the periodontal infection indexes??BI??PD??. Results The results showed that after three months of basic periodontal therapy the periodontal clinical indices of both group A and group C became better and the IL-8 level obviously reduced??while the IL-10 level obviously increased. There was no obvious difference between group A and group B in each examination index before the therapy. After three months??we found that the periodontal infection index??SBI PD??of group A was obviously better than group B. Compared to group B??the IL-8 level of group A obviously reduced??and the IL-10 level obviously increased. The difference was statistically significant??P < 0.05??. Conclusion The basic periodontal therapy can effectively improve periodontal conditions of the patients with chronic periodontal diseases??and reduce the risk of breaking the normal cardiovascular function. 相似文献
3.
《Clinical neurophysiology》2020,131(1):259-264
ObjectivesFasciculation potentials (FP) are an important consideration in the electrophysiological diagnosis of ALS. Muscle ultrasonography (MUS) has a higher sensitivity in detecting fasciculations than electromyography (EMG), while in some cases, it is unable to detect EMG-detected fasciculations. We aimed to investigate the differences of FP between the muscles with and without MUS-detected fasciculations (MUS-fas).MethodsThirty-one consecutive patients with sporadic ALS were prospectively recruited and in those, both needle EMG and MUS were performed. Analyses of the amplitude, duration, and number of phases of EMG-detected FPs were performed for seven muscles per patient, and results were compared between the muscles with and without MUS-fas in the total cohort.ResultsThe mean amplitude and phase number of FP were significantly lower in patients with EMG-detected FP alone (0.39 ± 0.25 mV and 3.21 ± 0.88, respectively) than in those with both FP and MUS-fas (1.22 ± 0.92 mV and 3.74 ± 1.39, respectively; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.017, Welch’s t-test).ConclusionSmall FP may be undetectable with MUS. MUS cannot replace EMG in the diagnostic approach for ALS.SignificanceClinicians should use a combination of EMG and MUS for the detection and quantitative analysis of fasciculation in ALS. 相似文献
4.
5.
Ngai-Yin Chan Chi-Chung Choy Ho-Chuen Yuen Hoi-Fan Chow Ho-Fai Fong 《The Canadian journal of cardiology》2019,35(4):396-404
Background
Persistent iatrogenic atrial septal defect (iASD) is a common but poorly characterized complication after cryoballoon (CB) pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures. We therefore investigate its prevalence, evolution, risk factors, and clinical outcomes in a prospective longitudinal study.Methods
A total of 108 patients (41 women, mean age 57 ± 11.3) underwent CB PVI for AF. Serial transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed 9 months and then annually until 6 years after the procedure to study the characteristics of persistent iASD.Results
Persistent iASD occurred in 33 (30.6%) patients 9 months after CB PVI. Spontaneous closure of iASD was found in 6 (22.2%) and 3 (15.8%) patients 2 and 3 years after the procedures, respectively. No spontaneous closure was observed on 4, 5, and 6-year TEE follow-up. The projected long-term persistence rate of iASD after CB PVI was therefore 20% (30.6% × 0.778 × 0.842). Using multivariate logistic regression, a higher number of cryoapplications (≥ 2 minutes) was the only independent predictor of persistent iASD 9 months after CB PVI (odds ratio [OR] 1.207; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.033-1.411, P = 0.018). Two (1.9%) patients with significantly larger iASD size than the others (long diameter 12.6 ± 0.8 vs 3.7 ± 1.5 mm, P < 0.001; short diameter 10.9 ± 0.2 vs 3 ± 1.1 mm, P < 0.001) required percutaneous closure because of exertional dyspnea and right ventricular enlargement. Over 129.7 patient-years follow-up, during which iASD persisted, there was no occurrence of neurologic events.Conclusions
Approximately one fifth of patients undergoing CB PVI will have permanently persistent iASD. Patients with defect sizes of greater than 10 mm may need percutaneous closure due to significant left-to-right shunting. 相似文献6.
Dominique Trudel Luminita-Mihaela Avarvarei Michèle Orain Stéphane Turcotte Marie Plante Jean Grégoire Reinhild Kappelhoff David P. Labbé Dimcho Bachvarov Bernard Têtu Christopher M. Overall Isabelle Bairati 《Pathology, research and practice》2019,215(6):152369
Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies, but only very few prognostic biomarkers are known. The degradome, comprising proteases, protease non-proteolytic homologues and inhibitors, have been involved in the prognosis of many cancer types, including ovarian carcinoma. The prognostic significance of the whole degradome family has not been specifically studied in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. A targeted DNA microarray known as the CLIP-CHIP microarray was used to identify potential prognostic factors in ten high-grade serous ovarian cancer women who had early recurrence (<1.6 years) or late/no recurrence after first line surgery and chemotherapy. In women with early recurrence, we identified seven upregulated genes (TMPRSS4, MASP1/3, SPC18, PSMB1, IGFBP2, CFI – encoding Complement Factor I – and MMP9) and one down-regulated gene (ADAM-10). Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the prognostic effect of these 8 candidate genes in an independent cohort of 112 high-grade serous ovarian cancer women. Outcomes were progression, defined according to CA-125 criteria, and death. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were done to estimate the associations between each protein and each outcome. High ADAM-10 expression (intensity of 2–3) was associated with a lower risk of progression (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29-0.87). High complement factor I expression (intensity 2–3) was associated with a higher risk of progression (adjusted HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.17–4.53) and death (adjusted HR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.72–6.79). Overall, we identified the prognostic value of two proteases, ADAM-10 and complement factor I, for high-grade serous ovarian cancer which could have clinical significance. 相似文献
7.
Regina K. Rowe David M. Pyle J. David Farrar Michelle A. Gill 《European journal of immunology》2020,50(10):1550-1559
Rhinovirus (RV) infections are linked to the development and exacerbation of allergic diseases including allergic asthma. IgE, another contributor to atopic disease pathogenesis, has been shown to regulate DC antiviral functions and influence T cell priming by monocytes. We previously demonstrated that IgE-mediated stimulation of monocytes alters multiple cellular functions including cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, and influenza-induced Th1 development. In this study, we investigate the effects of IgE-mediated stimulation on monocyte-driven, RV-induced T cell development utilizing primary human monocyte-T cell co-cultures. We demonstrate that IgE crosslinking of RV-exposed monocytes enhances monocyte-driven Th2 differentiation. This increase in RV-induced Th2 development was regulated by IgE-mediated inhibition of virus-induced type I IFN and induction of IL-10. These findings suggest an additional mechanism by which two clinically significant risk factors for allergic disease exacerbations—IgE-mediated stimulation and rhinovirus infection—may synergistically promote Th2 differentiation and allergic inflammation. 相似文献
8.
Tau Ming Liew 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2019,20(8):1054.e11-1054.e20
ObjectivesEarly diagnosis of cognitive impairment is increasingly emphasized in the literature to facilitate timely preventive interventions. Although bedside cognitive tests such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are widely used for such early diagnostic purposes, they may not have comparable performance to a full neuropsychological battery (FNB) in diagnosing early cognitive impairment. This study investigated whether a small subset of neuropsychological tests can be added on to MoCA to match its performance to that of the FNB in discriminating mild cognitive impairment and dementia (MCI/dementia) from normal cognition.DesignCross-sectional diagnostic study.SettingAlzheimer's Disease Centers across the United States.ParticipantsOlder participants (≥50 years) who completed MoCA and the FNB (N = 9187).MeasuresThe study sample was split into two: the derivation sample (n = 1837) was used to develop a brief neuropsychological battery that best discriminated MCI/dementia (using the best-subset approach with 10-fold cross-validation); while the validation sample (n = 7350) verified its actual performance in discriminating MCI/dementia.ResultsA 3-item neuropsychological battery was identified, comprising MoCA, Benson Complex Figure Recall, and Craft Story 21 Delayed Recall. It had excellent performance in discriminating MCI/dementia from normal cognition (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 90.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 89.2%-90.7%), which was comparable to that of the FNB (AUROC 88.4%, 95% CI 87.6%-89.2%). By contrast, MoCA alone had significantly worse AUROC (86.9%, 95% CI 86.0%-87.7%) than that of the FNB.Conclusions/ImplicationsUsing rigorous methods, this study developed a brief neuropsychological battery that maintained the brevity of a bedside cognitive test, while rivaling the diagnostic performance of an FNB in early cognitive impairment. This brief battery offers a viable alternative when the FNB is needed but cannot be feasibly administered in nonspecialty clinics. It can have a wider health systems effect of improving patients’ access to accurate diagnosis in early cognitive impairment and facilitating timely interventions to delay the progression of cognitive impairment. 相似文献
9.
Takaharu Negoro Kanami Orihara Tomoko Irahara Hiroshi Nishiyama Kanae Hagiwara Risa Nishida Hiroki Takagi Kazue Satoh Yoshiki Yamamoto Shunichi Shimizu Tamio Hagiwara Masakazu Ishii Toshihiro Tanioka Yasuko Nakano Ken Takeda Isao Yoshimura Yoji Iikura Takashi Tobe 《Pediatric allergy and immunology》2006,17(8):583-590
Although many single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies have reported an association of atopy, allergic diseases and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, almost all of these studies sought risk factors for the onset of these allergic diseases. Furthermore, many studies have analyzed a single gene and hardly any have analyzed environmental factors. In these analyses, the results could be masked and the effects of other genes and environmental factors may be decreased. Here, we described the correlation between four genes [interleukin (IL)-4 (C-590T), IL-4 receptor (A1652G), FCER1B (G6842A) and STAT6 (G2964A)] in connection with IgE production; the role of IL-10 (C-627A) as a regulatory cytokine of allergy; and the severity of food allergy (FA) and atopic eczema (AE) in 220 Japanese allergic children. In addition to these SNPs, environmental factors, i.e., patient's attitude, indoor environment, and so on, were also investigated in this study. Our study was retrospective, and the correlation was analyzed by our defined clinical scores divided into three terms: worst symptoms, recent symptoms and general amelioration at the most recent examination during the disease course. Our results indicated that IL-10 AA, the genotype with lower IL-10 production, is associated with higher IgE levels in the serum (p < 0.0001, estimate; 0.912). Marginal liver abnormalities were observed in the subject group with both FA and AE (p < 0.1191, estimate; 0.1490). Our defined clinical scores enabled evaluation of various aspects of disease severity. Based on the scores, while no single SNP selected in this study determined severity, the combination of the SNP with laboratory data and environmental factors appeared to determine severity. 相似文献
10.
目的:构建人IL-1Ra和人IL-10真核表达质粒载体并检测其表达。方法:用双酶切方法切取PCDI-IL-1Ra和PCDI-IL-10质粒中包含人IL-1Ra和人IL-10 CDS全长序列的cD-NA片段,并分别连接到真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1上,然后用壳聚糖转染上述质粒到原代软骨细胞,RT-PCR检测其mRNA水平的表达。结果:成功将人IL-1Ra和IL-10 CDS全长序列的cDNA片段克隆到真核表达载体,mRNA水平检测到目的基因的表达明显提高。结论:真核表达质粒可以用于外源基因的原代软骨细胞导入和表达,为进一步的基因治疗研究提供依据。 相似文献