Effect of lower leg compression during cesarean section on post-spinal hypotension and neonatal hemodynamic parameters: nonrandomized controlled clinical trial

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of lower leg compression during cesarean section (CS) on post-spinal hypotension (PSH) and neonatal hemodynamic parameters.MethodsThis study is a nonrandomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the cesarean delivery unit of the National Medical institute, Damanhour, Egypt. The sample included 120 parturients (60 intervention and 60 control). The researchers developed three tools for data collection: sociodemographic data and reproductive history interview schedule, electronic monitoring of maternal hemodynamic parameters, and neonatal hemodynamic assessment sheet. All parturients received ordinary pre-operative care. For the intervention group, a long elastic stocking (ordinary pressure 20–30 mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) was applied on both legs during cesarean section. The control group received the same care without the elastic stocking.ResultsSystolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly higher in the intervention group throughout the entire operation period except in the last 5–15 min. Heart rate was significantly lower in the intervention group. Only 13.3% of the intervention group took ephedrine compared with 45% of the control group. Apgar score was higher among neonates of intervention group compared with the control group at 1 min. Neonatal acidosis was significantly higher in the control group than in the contral group.ConclusionLower leg compression technique can effectively reduce PSH and neonatal acidosis.     

The Current Pediatric Surgery Job Market: A Perspective of Recent Fellowship Graduates

PurposeThis study describes the job market from the perspective of recent pediatric surgery graduates.MethodsAn anonymous survey was circulated to the 137 pediatric surgeons who graduated from fellowships 2019–2021.ResultsThe survey response rate was 49%. The majority of respondents were women (52%), Caucasian (72%), and had a median student debt burden of $225,000. Considering job opportunities, respondents strongly emphasized camaraderie (93%), mentorship (93%), case mix (85%), geography (67%), faculty reputation (62%), spousal employment (57%), compensation (51%), and call frequency (45%). 30% were satisfied with the employment opportunities available, and 21% felt strongly prepared to negotiate for their first job. All respondents were able to secure a job. Most jobs were university-based (70%) or hospital employed (18%) positions where surgeons covered median of two hospitals. 49% wanted protected research time, and 12% of respondents were able to secure substantial, protected research time. The median compensation for university-based jobs was $12,583 below the median AAMC benchmark for assistant professors for the corresponding year of graduation.ConclusionThese data highlight the ongoing need for assessment of the pediatric surgery workforce and for professional societies and training programs to further assist graduating fellows in preparing to negotiate their first job.Type of studySurveyLevel of EvidenceLevel V.     

生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧随机对照试验的系统评价及Meta分析＊

目的 对生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧的有效性与安全性进行系统评价，为其在临床应用提供循证医学证据。方法 检索中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网（CNKI）、万方资源数据库（WanFang）、维普期刊数据库（VIP）、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science等，检索时限为建库至2020年7月，选择生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧的随机对照试验（RCT），采用Cochrane系统评价员手册提供的偏倚风险评估工具进行文献质量评价，应用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12篇RCT文献，共计1804例剖宫产产妇；Meta分析结果显示，生化汤加味联合缩宫素组在产后第1、3、5天子宫底高度［MD = -0.75，95%CI（-1.35， -0.15），P < 0.00001；MD = -1.92，95%CI（-3.13， -0.72），P < 0.00001；MD = -1.92，95%CI（-3.79， -0.06），P < 0.00001］低于单用缩宫素组，联合用药组血性恶露时间［MD = -1.52，95%CI（-2.71，-0.34），P < 0.00001］和产后恶露持续时间［MD = -4.47，95%CI（-6.20，-2.75），P < 0.00001］均短于单用缩宫素组。结论 生化汤加味联合缩宫素与单用缩宫素比较，更能促进产后子宫复旧；不良反应少，报道的仅有4例出现轻微腹泻，安全性较高；但由于纳入文献质量较低，上述结论尚需更多的随机对照临床研究加以证实。     

罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的临床效果分析

目的：探讨罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的临床疗效。方法方便选取2014年3月—2015年3月该院麻醉科收诊的剖宫产产妇60例,随机法分为观察组及对照组各30例,对照组术后给予罗哌卡因联合吗啡镇痛治疗,观察组术后给予罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼镇痛治疗,记录并分析两组产妇镇痛效果。结果观察组术后2h、8h、12 h、24 hVAS评分分别为(1.98±0.81)分、(2.28±0.78)分、(1.66±0.67)分、(1.17±0.61)分,均低于对照组(3.51±1.07)分、(3.82±1.03)分、(3.24±0.95)分、(2.16±0.55)分,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；观察组术后肌力恢复正常时间和肛门排气时间分别为(7.28±1.16)h、18.49±1.71)h,均低于对照组(15.67±3.59)h、20.84±2.10)h,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；③观察组产妇术后不良反应发生率为6.67%,显著低于对照组26.67%,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；结论罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果优于罗哌卡因联合吗啡,不良反应低,能有效缓解孕妇术后疼痛。     

米索前列醇预防剖宫产后出血344例临床观察

目的:观察米索前列醇预防剖宫产手术后出血的临床效果。方法:随机将有剖宫产手术指征的344例孕妇分为3组,分别为在胎儿娩出后给予米索前列醇200mg舌下含化(A组)、缩宫素静脉滴注及子宫肌层注射(B组)和对照组(C组,不给予任何药物),观察产后不同时间的出血量。结果:产后出血量及出血发生率A、B组均明显少于C组(P<0·05)。结论:米索前列醇对分娩后子宫具有较好的收缩作用,且给药方便、安全性较好。     

东莨菪碱-曲马多-芬太尼复合液用于剖宫产术后镇痛

目的观察静脉东莨菪碱配伍曲马多与芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛的临床效果及不良反应。方法ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级行剖宫产术病人60例,随机分为东莨菪碱组(S组)和氟哌利多组(D组),每组30例。S组,东莨菪碱0·3mg 曲马多500mg 芬太尼0·5mg;D组,氟哌利多2·5mg 曲马多500mg 芬太尼0·5mg。均以生理盐水配置100ml药袋,静脉给予负荷剂量4ml后连接镇痛泵进行病人自控镇痛(PCA)。术后24、48h行视觉模拟评分(VAS)和镇静评分,并对用药总量、PCA量及不良反应发生情况进行观察比较。结果两组VAS差异无显著意义。D组术后24h用药总量、PCA量和镇静评分均大于术后48h,D组术后24h镇静评分比S组高(P<0·05),不良反应发生率D组明显高于S组。结论东莨菪碱配伍曲马多及芬太尼应用于剖宫产术后镇痛安全有效,不良反应发生率明显低于氟哌利多。     

剖宫产孕妇硬膜外给局麻药的药代动力学

为了解孕妇硬膜外给局麻药的药代动力学，选择２０名实施剖宫产手术的健康临产妇，随机分成硬膜外腔给予了哌卡因组（Ｂ１组）和给予利多卡因组（Ｌ组）。另外， ６例非妊娠患者硬膜外腔给予了哌卡因（Ｂ２组）。Ｂ１和Ｂ２组均给予０．７５％丁哌卡因１～１．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，Ｌ组给予２％利多卡因４～４．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１。采用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）测定硬膜外给药后血浆药物浓度。结果表明三组病例血药浓度均在安全范围内。Ｂ１组的血药浓度达高峰时间（Ｔｐｅａｋ）和脐静脉与母体血药浓度比（ＵＶ／ＭＶ）值均小于Ｌ组，表明丁哌卡因在硬膜外腔的吸收比利多卡因快，且透过胎盘屏障的药量小于利多卡因，新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分在娩出后５分钟均为１０分。Ｂ１组的药代动力学参数与Ｂ２组基本相似。结论：剖宫产手术硬膜外腔给予临床剂量的局麻药是安全的。