立体视锐度测定及其对机动车驾驶员的重要性

用立体视觉检查图对９２５０名机动车驾驶员的立体视锐度进行测定，其结果正常率９２．８％，异常率７．２１％，立体视锐度异常的机动车驾驶员事故发生率高于正常者。在引起立体视锐度异常的原因中，老视值得研究。     

汽车驾驶员心电多相频谱分析

对１１７例汽车司机应用ＨＢＤ－１心电多信息诊断仪进行心电多相频谱分析，其功率谱，传递相移，幅度直方图等五项指标总分阳性率明显高于对照组，随着驾车年限的增加，总分阳性率有升高趋势，心电频谱分析对２３０例冠心病病人阳性检出率８４．７８％。研究认为汽车司机是易发高血压，冠心病的危险人群，该方法在冠心病的环境流行病学研究中具有重要的临床，亚临床意义。     

汽车驾驶员注意力分配测试的研究

以ＢＤＸＬ－Ⅱ型注意力分配测试仪对某汽车队１７７名驾驶员和１３９名非驾驶员进行了注意力分配检查，并计算每人注意力分配量Ｑ值。结果表明，驾驶员组注意力分配及视、听觉反应速度有随年龄和驾车年数增长而下降的趋势，Ｑ值及视、听觉反应测试得分与对照组相比差异有显著性。     

Multiple digital fractures from automobile air bag inflation

Automobile air bag inflation-caused injuries to the chest, neck, and face, in particular the orbital contents, are infrequent but recognized. We report the occurrence of multiple digital fractures in the left hand of a 30-yearold male driver as a result of sudden air bag inflation. Continued monitoring of the potential hazards of this device is suggested.     

职业驾驶员心理应激及其相关变量分析

目的 :了解职业驾驶员心理应激状况及相关因素 ,为减少事故的发生提供资料。方法 :采用LES、应对、成人内外控制、SSRS、EPQ、SCL -90等量表对 2 40名职业驾驶员进行测试。结果 :①驾驶员的主要应激源是工作学习问题、家庭有关问题 ;应对方式上 ,更趋向于积极应对 ;社会支持上 ,主观支持分明显高于客观支持分 ;在心理控制感上 ,明显趋于外控 ;EPQ得分与普通人群相比 ,E分较高 ,N分较低 ;SCL -90各因子分均值与全国常模相比 ,除躯体化、强迫、焦虑等项因子均值较高外 ,其他无显著差异。②事故组与安全组驾驶员在生活事件、相关变量、应激反应上 ,均存在显著差异。③行车事故与应激性生活事件呈正相关 (P <0 0 1)、与EPQ -N ,SCL -90诸因子呈负相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :生活事件引起的情绪应激 ,与驾驶操作、交通违章和事故发生有一定相关关系。     

On-Road Behavior in Older Drivers With Mild Cognitive Impairment

ObjectivesDementia increases the risk of unsafe driving, but this is less apparent in preclinical stages such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There is, however, limited detailed data on the patterns of driving errors associated with MCI. Here, we examined whether drivers with MCI exhibited different on-road error profiles compared with cognitively normal (CN) older drivers.DesignObservational.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 296 licensed older drivers [mean age 75.5 (SD = 6.2) years, 120 (40.5%) women] recruited from the community.MethodParticipants completed a health and driving history survey, a neuropsychological test battery, and an on-road driving assessment including driver-instructed and self-navigation components. Driving assessors were blind to participant cognitive status. Participants were categorized as safe or unsafe based on a validated on-road safety scale, and as having MCI based on International Working Group diagnostic criteria. Proportion of errors incurred as a function of error type and traffic context were compared across safe and unsafe MCI and CN drivers.ResultsCompared with safe CN drivers (n = 225), safe MCI drivers (n = 45) showed a similar pattern of errors in different traffic contexts. Compared with safe CN drivers, unsafe CN drivers (n = 17) were more likely to make errors in observation, speed control, lane position, and approach, and at stop/give-way signs, lane changes, and curved driving. Unsafe MCI drivers (n = 9) had additional difficulties at intersections, roundabouts, parking, straight driving, and under self-navigation conditions. A higher proportion of unsafe MCI drivers had multidomain subtype [n = 6 (67%)] than safe MCI drivers [n = 11 (25%)], odds ratio 6.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.4–29.6).Conclusion and ImplicationsAmong safe drivers, MCI and CN drivers exhibit similar on-road error profiles, suggesting driver restrictions based on MCI status alone are unwarranted. However, formal evaluation is recommended in such cases, as there is evidence drivers with multiple domains of cognitive impairment may require additional interventions to support safe driving.     

铁路机车司机神经行为功能状况研究

目的：研究铁路驾乘作业对铁路机车司机神经行为功能的影响情况。方法：采用随机整群抽样法,抽取机车司机２３８名,另选年龄、工龄等条件类同的车站工作人员１９０名,按照ＷＨＯ神经行为核心组合测试并分析比较行为功能。结果：与对照组相比,机车司机的反映情感状态的６项指标均受到显著或非常显著的不利影响。神经反应速度也受到了一定影响,表现在简单反应时中的最快及平均反应时间延长。另外,反映手的操作速度以及眼手协调功能的指标利手与非利手操作速度也较对照组明显下降,进一步分析可见,随着工龄或年龄的延长,上述指标受影响的程度呈逐渐增加的趋势。结论：神经行为核心测试组合在检测机车司机的亚临床职业损害方面是一项灵敏的指标     

布地奈德联合沙丁胺醇氧驱动治疗喘憋性肺炎痰堵的临床护理观察

目的通过布地奈德混悬液联合硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液经氧驱动雾化吸入辅助治疗喘憋性肺炎，观察喘憋性肺炎痰堵患儿的临床护理疗效。方法80例喘憋肺炎患儿随机分为两组，观察组和对照组各40例，两组患儿均常规给予抗病毒、止咳化痰、吸氧、镇静等常规治疗与护理；观察组在此基础上给予布地奈德混悬液联合沙丁胺醇溶液氧驱动雾化吸入治疗，并进行仔细的临床观察，予以综合护理措施，观察临床护理效果。结果通过仔细观察和有针对性的护理，两组患儿有效率差异有显著意义（P〈0．05），未见不良反应和并发症。结论布地奈德混悬液联合沙丁胺醇溶液经氧驱动雾化吸入辅助治疗，结合临床观察和综合护理，可有效解除喘憋性肺炎患儿的痰堵，缓解临床症状，缩短病程，提高治愈率。