Multiple cancers in a Turner's syndrome with 45,X/46,XXp-/46,XX/47,XXX karyotype

A female patient with a clinical picture of Turner's syndrome had five separate malignant tumors (three squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, a colon cancer, and a glioblastoma multiforme). Her peripheral blood cells showed a 45,X/46,XXp-/46,XX/47,XXX mosaicism. The findings are discussed in relation to other extragonadal tumors in Turner's syndrome reported to-date.     

Growth rate and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) incidence of bone marrow cells in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)

The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) incidence and growth kinetics have been studied by means of an in vitro bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) chromosome labeling method in the bone marrow cells of 17 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients with only diploid cells at diagnosis, remission, and relapse of the disease. At diagnosis, the cells tended to exhibit a low SCE frequency as compared to that during remission. An increased SCE frequency was observed after chemotherapy during remission or relapse. At diagnosis and relapse, when leukemic blast cells predominated in the marrow, they were characterized by the predominance of cells that had undergone only one cell cycle after BrdU exposure. In contrast, the marrow cells during remission tended to resemble the control pattern of growth kinetics, with a predominance of cells undergoing second and third cell cycles in the presence of BrdU. These results suggest that the growth rate of leukemic and nonleukemic cells is different, and that chemotherapy can cause an increased SCE frequency in the marrow cells of AML patients irrespective of the state of the disease.     

Two 14q+ chromosomes in malignant lymphoma: crucial cytogenetic changes on 14q

We encountered a 36-year-old white male patient with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, whose lymph node cells showed a clonal cytogenetic change involving chromosome #14, i.e., 47,XY, + 2,der(14),t(14;14)(14pter----14q32;14q24----14q32++ +). In addition to this change, cells with a translocation between chromosomes #2 and another #14 [t(2;14)(q21;q24)], as well as a missing chromosome #8 were found. We have reviewed the literature dealing with two or more changes affecting chromosome #14 and discussed the importance of the cytogenetic change at band 14q32 in malignant lymphoma.     

Effects of several 5′-carboxamide derivatives of adenosine on adenosine receptors of human platelets and rat fat cells

Summary The effects of several 5666/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-carboxamide derivatives of adenosine on stimulatory (R _a) adenosine receptors of human platelets and inhibitory (R _i) adenosine receptors of rat fat cells have been compared. 5666/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-N-Cyclopropylcarboxamidoadenosine (CPCA) and 5666/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) most potently inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets as shown by IC₅₀-values of 0.24 and 0.34 666/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/l. 5666/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-N-Methylcarboxamidoadenosine (MECA; IC₅₀ 0.81 666/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/l) and 5666/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-N-carboxamidoadenosine (NCA; IC₅₀ 2.1 666/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/l) were less potent, whereas adenosine, 2-chloroadenosine and (-)N⁶-phenylisopropyladenosine [(-)PIA] exhibit IC₅₀-values of about 1.5 666/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/l. Nearly the same rank order of potency was obtained for stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity of platelet membranes and for inhibition of [³H]NECA binding to human platelets. In order to examine the effects of the carboxamide analogues on R _i adenosine receptors of rat fat cells inhibition of lipolysis and adenylate cyclase were studied. (-)PIA was the most potent inhibitor of lipolysis as shown by an IC₅₀ of 0.5 nmol/l, followed by CPCA (IC₅₀ 1.1 nmol/l) and NECA (IC₅₀ 1.3 nmol/l), whereas MECA (IC₅₀ 17.9 nmol/l) and NCA (IC₅₀ 20.1 nmol/l) were much less potent than NECA in inhibiting lipolysis. Similar results were obtained for inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity of fat cell membranes and for competition with [³H]PIA binding to fat cell membranes. The relative potencies of the adenosine analogues at both receptor subclasses were calculated from the ratio of the IC₅₀-values for inhibition of platelet aggregation and of lipolysis. (-)PIA showed the highest selectivity for R _i receptors as indicated by a 2,900-fold lower IC₅₀ for the antilipolytic than for the antiaggregatory effect. The R _a/R _i activity ratio for NECA was about 260, for CPCA 220, for NCA 105 and for MECA 45. These results indicate that all 5666/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-carboxamide adenosine derivatives are more potent agonists at R _i receptors than at R _a receptors. Since MECA has a higher selectivity for R _a receptors than NECA, it may be useful for the characterization of stimulatory adenosine receptors in different tissues.     

Ventricular fibrillation during programmed ventricular stimulation: Incidence and clinical implications

Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 10 (3.3 percent) of 300 patients consecutively studied with programmed ventricular stimulation. One hundred twenty-five of these patients were studied with double ventricular extrastimuli including 68 patients with and 57 patients without documented or suspected ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, or both. Ventricular fibrillation did not develop in response to a single ventricular extrastimulus delivered during sinus rhythm, ventricular pacing or ventricular tachycardia or in response to ventricular pacing at cycle lengths of 300 msec or greater and occurred only in response to double ventricular extrastimuli. All 10 patients who manifested ventricular fibrillation during programmed stimulation were in the group of patients with suspected or documented ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation was initiated in seven patients with double ventricular extrastimuli delivered during sinus rhythm or ventricular pacing and in three patients with double ventricular extrastimuli delivered during ventricular tachycardia. Four patients had spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm and the remainder underwent defibrillation without sequelae. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation occurred clinically in 7 of the 10 patients. This study suggests that ventricular fibrillation occurs uncommonly during programmed ventricular stimulation and only in response to double ventricular extrastimuli in patients in whom spontaneous episodes are likely to occur.     

放射后鼻咽癌细胞株C666-1存活亚克隆高表达miR-181a

目的：：初步分析miR-181a与鼻咽癌细胞系C666-1放射敏感的相关性。方法：首先使用大剂量8 Gy的X射线照射C666-1,挑选三个大的存活亚克隆并命名为 C666-1-R1,C666-1-R2和 C666-1-R3,然后应用MTT等技术分析亚克隆及对照母本C666-1细胞系放射敏感性的差异,最后采用实时荧光定量PCR 法,分析三个存活亚克隆及对照C666-1的miR-181 a表达水平。结果：通过MTT比色法检测细胞增殖：6 Gy照射后,三个亚克隆C666-1-R1,C666-1-R2和C666-1-R3的细胞存活率均高于对照细胞C666-1,尤其C666-1-R2在48、72和96 h的存活率增高均有显著性差异(P<0.05),提示C666-1-R2具有放射抗拒性。另一方面,各亚克隆及对照细胞的 miR-181a 的2-△△Ct值如下：C666-1-R1=0.693,C666-1-R2=0.486,C666-1-R3=0.762,C666-1=1。提示放射后存活的三个亚克隆均高表达 miR-181a,尤其放射抗拒亚克隆C666-1-R2的 miR-181a表达更高。结论：miR-181a与鼻咽癌存活亚克隆的放射抗拒性密切相关。miR-181a可能是评估鼻咽癌放射敏感性的一个新分子,miR-181a 与鼻咽癌放射抗拒的相关性值得深入研究。     

Ilioinguinal lymph node dissection

Ilioinguinal node dissection for clinically involved nodes should include in-continuity removal of the inguinal, iliac and obturator lymph nodes. Avoidance of devascularization of the mobilized sartorius muscle and trimming of the skin edges minimize postoperative wound complications.     

Modes of regional chemotherapy.

Injection of Am (2 mg/kg) into the hepatic artery or portal vein of dogs gives higher liver tissue levels (15.1 μg/g) than systemic intravenous administration (6.4 μg/g). This difference is increased by injection of the drug distal to the temporarily occluded hepatic artery or portal vein.Bolus injection of Am (1 mg/kg) into the femoral artery of dogs results in no detectable ipsilateral calf muscle levels and no subsequent macroscopic changes in the extremity. When injected distally to the temporarily occluded femoral artery, muscle drug levels were below the level of sensitivity of the fluorometric assay used, but all animals showed varying degrees of ipsilateral skin ulcerations and melanosis.With a tight tourniquet applied to the extremity proximally and maintained for 15 min after Am injection, 40-fold or higher muscle levels of Am were found, compared to those after simple intraarterial injection. There was fairly uniform drug distribution throughout the infused limb and minimal systemic leak. Severe ulcerations occurred after injection of 1 mg Am/kg with tourniquet application. With reduction of the dose to 0.25 and 0.125 mg/kg, erythema in the first 2 weeks and melanosis of the skin at 2 to 4 weeks occurred and involved the whole extremity.This technique of intraarterial injection of chemotherapeutic drug(s) with a proximal tourniquet has a potential clinical applicability in extremity tumors; high tissue drug levels are obtained and frequent administration is possible via an indwelling catheter.With the present development of the ability to assay microconcentrations of drugs in tissues, a critical reappraisal of the methods of regional infusion chemotherapy should now be possible, in association with the physiochemical characteristics of the drugs used.