创伤性睾丸脱位5例报告

目的 探讨创伤性睾丸脱位的诊断和治疗。方法 对所收治的5例患的诊治情况进行分析研究，并结合复习有关献。结果 1例手法复位成功，4例行手术复位．1例发生睾丸萎缩后切除患睾。结论 创伤性睾丸脱位临床少见，漏误诊率较高。对骨盆部、会阴部、阴囊部外伤患应警惕本病；详细检查阴囊及睾丸．确诊后尽早行手法或手术复位固定．定期随访。     

The clinical utility of testicular prosthesis placement in children with genital and testicular disorders

Testicular prosthesis placement is a useful important adjunctive reconstructive therapy for managing children with testicular loss or absence. Though these prostheses are functionless, experience has shown that they are extremely helpful in creating a more normal male body image and in preventing/relieving psychological stress in males with a missing testicle. With attention to details of implant technique, excellent cosmetic results can be anticipated in simulating a normal appearing scrotum.     

Protective role of methylprednisolone and heparin in ischaemic‐reperfusion injury of the rat testicle

This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of heparin and methylprednisolone in the treatment of ischaemic reperfusion (IR) injury of the testis. Twenty‐four male Sprague‐Dawley rats were allocated equally into three groups of eight animals each. The left testes were rotated 720° for 2 h in the rats in the torsion–detorsion group. Rats in the treatment groups underwent the same surgical procedure as the torsion–detorsion group but were also given methylprednisolone (group II) or heparin (group III) by an intraperitoneal route 30 min prior to detorsion. Left orchiectomy was performed in all rats from each experimental animal at 2 h after detorsion, and the tissue was harvested for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and nitric oxide (NO) and the endogenous antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and catalase. Additional tissue was evaluated using histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. PC and MDA levels were significantly reduced in the treated groups compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in NO level or SOD, GSH‐Px and catalase activity among the treatment groups. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings supported biochemical changes. It is concluded that pre‐treatment with methylprednisolone or heparin protects the testis in ischaemic reperfusion injury caused by testicular torsion–detorsion.     

Minocycline attenuates testicular damages in a rat model of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury

Testicular torsion is a serious urological disease leading to testicular damage. This study aimed to assess the effect of minocycline on testicular ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury caused by testicular torsion/detorsion. Male adult Wistar rats (n = 32) were assigned into four groups of sham, I/R, I/R + minocycline and minocycline. I/R injury was induced by two sets of surgical operations, including the rotation of the left testis (720°, counterclockwise), followed by detorsion after 4 hr. The administration of minocycline was carried out 30 min before detorsion and then continued for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, rats were killed and sampling was done. Johnson's score, the height of seminiferous tubule epithelium, the mean seminiferous tubule diameter, as well as biochemical parameters, SOD, GPx and CAT, were significantly enhanced in the I/R + minocycline group compared with the I/R group. The administration of minocycline led to a marked decrease in expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax, IL-1β and TNF-α genes, and a remarkable increase in expression levels of Bcl-2, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD3 genes compared with the I/R group. Administration of minocycline could also reduce the rate of germ cell apoptosis (TUNEL staining). Hence, minocycline was useful in the management of testicular torsion/detorsion.     

Transverse testicular ectopia

Described herein are six cases of transverse testicular ectopia. All patients who underwent orchidopexy at the one pediatric surgical unit between October 2001 and January 2008 were evaluated. The medical records of all patients diagnosed with transverse testicular ectopia were evaluated retrospectively. Five patients (84%) were admitted with a symptomatic right inguinal hernia and empty scrotum on the left side. Only one child (16%) had left‐sided hernia and right non‐palpable testis (age ranged from 1 month to 3 years). Four patients (66%) were diagnosed in the operating theatre and the last two (33%) on inguinal ultrasound preoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging was also performed in the last patient. Herniorrhaphy with fixation of the ectopic gonad to the opposite hemiscrotum through a transseptal incision was performed in all patients. Postoperative complications were not observed.     

银杏黄酮对环磷酰胺所致睾丸毒性的保护作用的实验研究

目的:在先期研究已证实环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CP)代谢产物丙烯醛(Acrolein,ACR)的氧化应激作用损伤支持细胞是CP所致睾丸损伤的原因之一的基础上探讨具有抗氧化作用的银杏黄酮对其损伤的保护作用.方法:以原代培养的新生Wistar大鼠支持细胞为模型,实验组分为1)添加银杏黄酮孵育细胞12h后加入ACR组;2)银杏黄酮、ACR同时加入组;3)银杏黄酮和ACR孵育12h后再加入细胞组.对照组分为添加维生素E孵育细胞12h后分别加入ACR组,仅添加ACR的阴性对照组及不添加任何处理因素的阳性对照组.各组3h后用MTT法测定细胞活性,考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白浓度;硫代巴比妥法和Fenton法检测细胞丙二醛(MDA)、羟自由基(OH)含量,三价铁还原法、黄嘌呤氧化酶法和NADPH还原法测定细胞总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性.结果:银杏黄酮与ACR同时加入细胞组和银杏黄酮与ACR孵育12h后同时加入组较阴性对照组各测量参数无显著性差异(P＞0.05).而提前添加银杏黄酮组较阴性对照组各参数均有显著性差异:1)细胞活力较阴性对照组显著升高(P＜0.05);2)MDA和T-ACO含量较阴性对照组明显降低(P＜0.05);3)T-AOC、SOD和GR活性较阴性对照组明显升高(P＜0.05).且银杏黄酮上述抗氧化作用明显强于Vit E组(P＜0.05)结论:CP代谢产物ACR在对未成熟睾丸支持细胞产生氧化应激损害时,银杏黄酮可以提高支持细胞的抗氧化酶活性,清除氧自由基,对支持细胞具有明显的保护作用.为进一步探讨CP致睾丸损伤的防护措施奠定了基础.     

乙型肝炎病毒携带者睾丸中HBV DNA的检测研究

目的检测乙型肝炎病毒携带者的睾丸活检组织是否携带乙肝病毒。方法11例乙型肝炎病毒携带者的睾丸活检组织制成石蜡切片,应用特异性乙肝病毒DNA（HBV DNA）的探针以原位杂交法检测这些患者的睾丸组织切片。结果11例患者中有5例检测到HBV DNA,分布于间质细胞、支持细胞及各级生精细胞的细胞核。结论男性乙肝病毒携带者存在经生殖细胞向子代垂直传播乙肝的可能。