Matrine,oxymatrine, and compound Kushen injection from the roots of Sophora flavescens: an overview of their anticancer activities

In the present review, we updated current information on the chemistry, contents, and anticancer properties of matrine (MT), oxymatrine (OMT), and compound Kushen injection (CKI). The anticancer properties were focused on lung, breast, and liver cancer cells because they are most susceptible. Sources of information were from Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, PubChem, J-Stage, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Reference was also made on botanical websites, such as Flora of China and World Flora Online. MT and OMT are dominant quinolizidine alkaloids from the roots of Sophora flavescens (Kushen) of the family Fabaceae. Against lung, breast, and liver cancer cells, MT and OMT inhibit cell proliferation; induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy; restrict angiogenesis; and inhibit cell metastasis, invasion, and migration. The processes involve various molecular targets and signaling pathways. CKI is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) composed of root extracts of S. flavescens and Smilax glabra (Baituling) of the family Smilacaceae. With MT and OMT as major components, CKI has been approved for the treatment of cancer in China more than 20 years ago. In recent years, systematic reviews and meta-analysis have been undertaken to evaluate the anticancer effects of CKI. When CKI is used alone and in combination with chemotherapy of western medicine, there is much to be learned concerning their interactions besides their individual and integrated efficacy. Some perspectives of MT, OMT, and CKI are discussed, and their suggestions for future research are provided.     

苦豆子总碱的体外抗菌活性研究

目的：了解苦豆子总碱的体外抗菌活性,方法：以琼脂稀释法、试管稀释法、活菌计数法检测苦豆了总碱的体外最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）及最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）等。结果：苦豆子总碱体外对１０余种２０６株试验菌均有抑菌作用,其ＭＩＣ是１０～４０ｍｇ／ｍｌ,大于３～５ＭＩＣ的浓度对上述试验菌有杀菌作用。苦豆子总碱在碱性环境下抑菌作用较强,细菌接种量可影响其ＭＩＣ,血清含量对ＭＩＣ无明显影响。结论：苦豆子总碱有广谱抗菌     

Effects of Ethanol Extract of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis on Activity of Colon Cancer HT29 Cells

This paper mainly studied the inhibitory effect of total ethanol extract of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis on proliferation of colon cancer HT29 cells. By reflux extraction method and with ethanol as extraction solvent, different extracts were obtained at different ethanol concentrations, different solid-liquid ratios, and at different times. And their inhibitory activities against HT29 cells were compared using MTT assay. The experimental results showed that the extraction processes under three conditions can all draw relatively high inhibition rates. The optimum ethanol extraction process conditions were as follows: a solid-liquid ratio of 1:9, 80 min of heat reflux extraction with 95% ethanol.     

苦豆子多糖对小鼠体内外免疫功能的调节作用

目的 考察苦豆子多糖对小鼠免疫功能的体内外调节作用。方法 MTT 法体外观察苦豆子多糖在不同浓度对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响;腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立免疫低下小鼠模型,通过碳粒廓清和血清溶血素实验测定非特异性免疫功能和体液免疫功能,测定小鼠巨噬细胞的碳粒廓清指数 K 、吞噬指数 α和小鼠血清中溶血素的含量。结果 不同浓度苦豆子多糖可不同程度地促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖;苦豆子多糖能在一定程度上提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的廓清能力、吞噬速度及血清中溶血素的含量,提高小鼠机体免疫能力。结论 苦豆子多糖能够通过多种免疫途径增强小鼠免疫功能。     

阳离子交换树脂酸水洗脱法纯化苦参总碱的工艺优选

目的优选阳离子交换树脂不同浓度盐酸溶液洗脱纯化苦参总碱的最佳工艺条件。方法以苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和总生物碱的洗脱率为考察指标,以盐酸溶液作为洗脱剂,优选阳离子交换树脂纯化苦参总碱的最佳工艺和参数条件。结果苦参总碱阳离子交换树脂纯化洗脱条件为:以5%盐酸溶液作为洗脱剂,以6 BV.h-1的流速洗脱,苦参碱和氧化苦参碱、苦参总碱洗脱率均可达85%。结论采用阳离子交换树脂酸水洗脱法纯化苦参总碱效率高,工艺简便,可用于苦参总碱的提取纯化。     

HPLC法测定苦参总碱中苦参碱与氧化苦参碱的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定苦参总碱中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的含量。方法:采用 Elite Hypersil NH_2柱(5μm,250mm×4.6 mm),乙腈-无水乙醇-3%磷酸溶液(81:10:9)为流动相,流速:1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长220 nm,柱温:25℃,进样量:10 μL。结果:苦参碱、氧化苦参碱的线性范围分别为5.32～53.2μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9997),65.7～525.6μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9995)。苦参碱平均加样回收率为99.5%,RSD=1.0%(n=6);氧化苦参碱的平均加样回收率为99.7%,RSD=0.6%(n=6)。结论:本方法操作简便、快速、可靠,可用于控制苦参总碱质量。     

射干、金银花等八种中药抗真菌实验研究

目的:体外观察射干、金银花等8种中药对新型隐球菌、镰刀、白色念珠菌、曲霉等临床分离的9种致病真菌的作用.方法:本实验应用试管法对射干、金银花、土槿皮、蛇床子、苦参、虎杖、黄连、黄岑等八种中药对9种临床分离的致病性真菌的抗真菌作用进行了研究.结果:射干的最小抑菌浓度MIC: 25 mg/ml,金银花的MIC: 100 mg/ml, 土槿皮的MIC: 25 mg/ml, 蛇床子的MIC: 25 mg/ml,苦参的MIC: 25 mg/ml,虎杖的MIC: 25 mg/ml,黄连的MIC: 200 mg/ml,黄岑的MIC: 12.5 mg/ml,黄连对9种致病真菌无作用外,其余7种中药均对9种致病真菌均有疗效.结论:中草药抗真菌效果较好,为临床治疗提供了依据.     

苦参有效成分的定量分析和药代动力学研究进展

目的：综述近年来有关苦参有效成分的定量分析方法和药代动力学的研究进展。方法：介绍并评价苦参有效成分的定量分析方法及药代动力学研究技术。结果：滴定法、薄层扫描法及酸性染料比色法用于苦参有效成分的分析均具有一定的局限性。高效液相色谱法及高效毛细管电泳法具有灵敏、准确、重现性好，适用性强等特点。结论：目前苦参的研究有一定基础，液-质联用技术广泛应用于苦参有效成分分析研究。     

苦参药材中4种生物碱的含量测定

目的建立反相液相色谱法测定苦参药材中4种生物碱的含量测定方法。方法使用hypersil BDS(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.1%氨水梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm。结果苦参碱在0.25~2.00μg(r=0.9997),槐定碱在0.28~2.24μg(r=0.999 5),氧化苦参碱在0.244-1.953μg(r=0.999 1),氧化槐果碱在0.262-2.096μg(r=0.999 2)范围呈良好的线性关系,回归方程分别为y=2 602.6x-72.031,y=1 558.8x 17.381,y=1 755.8x 162.59,y=2 219.55x-21.119,加样回收率分别为99.24%,98.31%,101.28%,100.59%,RSD分别为1.248%,1.517%,1.412%,1.638%。结论该法简便,快速,专属性好,可用于苦参药材中生物碱的含量测定。