Introduction: Current research suggests that pediatric stroke is associated with a reduction in intellectual functioning. However, less is known about academic achievement and the contribution of specific executive functions to math and literacy in this population. The current study investigates behavioral ratings of executive functioning and their relationship to math and spelling performance in children with a history of unilateral arterial ischemic stroke.
Method: Thirty-two pediatric patients with stroke (Mage = 9.5 ± 2.7 years) and 32 demographically equivalent, healthy controls were tested on standardized measures of arithmetic, spelling, and intelligence. Executive functioning data were collected via standardized parent questionnaire.
Results: Relative to controls, stroke participants demonstrated significantly poorer functioning in math, spelling, metacognition, and behavioral-regulation. Pencil and paper arithmetic was particularly challenging for the stroke group, with 40% of patients reaching levels of clinical impairment. Hierarchical regression in stroke participants further revealed that metacognition was a robust predictor of academic deficits. Stroke occurring in later childhood and affecting cortical and subcortical brain regions also presented as potential clinical risk factors.
Conclusions: Children with stroke were especially vulnerable to math achievement deficits. Metacognition made a substantial contribution to academic achievement abilities among stroke patients, and results underscore the importance of early metacognitive skills in the completion of schoolwork. Results also emphasize that pediatric stroke patients are a heterogeneous group with regard to functioning and that there is value in examining standard score distributions of clinical participant samples. 相似文献
Abstract: The current study examined the extent to which mothers, fathers, teachers, and teenage friends influenced Latino adolescents’ academic motivation. Using path analysis, separate models were tested for 154 Latino boys and 156 Latina girls. Findings indicated that mothers’ and teachers’ academic support were positively related to adolescent girls’ academic motivation, and fathers’ and teachers’ academic support were positively related to adolescent boys’ academic motivation. The salience of teachers’ support, possible reasons for gender differences, and implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
Abstract: Many students in the United States, particularly those from lower income or racially/ethnically diverse families, are exposed to clusters of risk factors that have a negative impact on school success. This study examined the association between the number of supportive and caring adults in the home, school, and neighborhood and the school engagement of students in early adolescence. Results revealed that students who reported such supportive adults in their lives also reported higher levels of psychological and behavioral engagement with their schooling. Additionally, including measures of environmental risk factors in analytical models of the school engagement of middle school students reduced otherwise statistically significant race/ethnicity differences to nonsignificance. Implications for practice and policy are discussed. 相似文献
In order to assess the accuracy of electroencephalography (EEG), in children who have undergone cardiac surgery under simple
deep hypothermia, the relation between IQ or schoolwork achievement and the duration of circulatory arrest was investigated
in 75 such children. Abnormal preoperative EEG's were found in 16 per cent of the children while abnormal postoperative EEG's
were found in 17 per cent. The children were divided into 4 groups, according to pre- and postoperative EEG results. Schoolwork
achievement scores ranged between 3.0 and 3.2, the difference among the groups being insignificant. Moreover, no significant
shift in IQ was found among the groups. Finally, regarding the number of children who were able to go on to a higher level
of education, including high school the college or university, again no significant differences were found among the 4 groups.
In a comparison with the number of such children in neighboring Nagasaki prefecture able to continue on to a higher level
of education, no significant differences were seen either. The findings and statistics of this investigation therefore indicate
that pre- and postoperative EEG's are not always a reliable reference for assessing the prognosis of cerebral activity. 相似文献
Background Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic syndrome associated with several physical, cognitive and behavioural characteristics. For many individuals with this syndrome, compulsive behaviour is often noted in both food and non‐food situations. The focus of this paper is on the non‐food‐related compulsions in individuals with PWS and comparing differences across the three genetic subtypes of the syndrome. Methods Compulsive behaviours in 73 people with PWS were assessed using the Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the Compulsive Behavior Checklist. Compulsive behaviour and its relation to IQ and academic achievement also were evaluated. Phenotypic differences were characterized for the three most common genetic subtypes of the disorder: 16 individuals with the long Type I (TI) 15q deletion, 26 individuals with the short Type II (TII) 15q deletion and 31 individuals with maternal disomy 15. Results There appeared to be important differences between the two deletion subtypes. Specifically, individuals with the TI deletion had more compulsions regarding personal cleanliness (i.e. excessive bathing/grooming), and their compulsions were more difficult to interrupt and interfered with social activities more than the other subtypes. Individuals with the TII deletion were more likely to have compulsions related to specific academic areas (i.e. rereading, erasing answers and counting objects or numbers). Conclusions These findings may help clinicians and researchers identify possible intervention strategies and supports based on the behavioural phenotype associated with genetic subtype in individuals with PWS. 相似文献