外伤性颅骨缺损钛网修补38例治疗体会

目的：探讨三维钛网颅骨缺损修补术的意义、时机及临床经验。方法：对38例外伤后颅骨缺损钛网修补术患者进行回顾性分析。结果：所有患者钛网固定可靠、无浮动,外观对称美观。无头皮感染及排斥反应,无咀嚼功能受限。结论：三维钛网是目前较为理想的颅骨缺损修补材料,条件允许下宜尽早进行,术中几点技巧的应用可有效避免术后并发症。     

Cranioplasty with an autoclaved bone flap,with special reference to tumour infiltration of the flap

Summary The results of a total of 25 cranioplasties are reported. In 10 patients, a reinforced acrylic prosthesis was utilized. In the remaining 15 cases, the patient's own autoclaved bone flap was re-implanted. Six of these bone flaps were autoclaved to kill tumour cells, and was re-implanted during the same surgical procedure. In the remaining 9 patients, the flaps were removed to allow brain swelling, preserved in a freezer and re-implanted several months later. All the prostheses and re-implanted flaps were accepted by the patients without complications such as infections or resorption, and with cosmetically satisfying results. The tumour infiltrated flaps remained tumour free for the entire period of observation.     

Infection of Cranioplasty Seen Twenty Years Later

Cranioplasty is performed using autograft and allograft materials on patients to whom craniectomy was applied previously due to the facts that, this region is open to trauma and the scalp makes irritation and pressure onto the brain paranchyma causing brain atrophy and convulsions. Dramatical improvement of neurological deficits, control of convulsions and partial prevention of cerebral atrophy are achieved after these operations. One of the most important complications of cranioplasty is late infection. Here, we report a 43-year-old male patient admitted with the history of purulant discharge from the right temporal incission site for one year to whom cranioplasty had been performed with allograft material 20 days after craniectomy which had been performed in 1989. Allograft cranioplasty material was removed and cranioplasty was performed using new allograft material with the diagnosis of late cranioplasty infection.     

Modified Cranialization and Secondary Cranioplasty for Frontal Sinus Infection after Craniotomy: Technical Note

Frontal sinus infection after incorrect treatment of an opened frontal sinus may require extended approaches. This article aims to introduce modified cranialization technique and secondary cranioplasty for frontal sinus infection involving the frontal sinus outflow tract after craniotomy. Eight patients with delayed onset frontal sinus infection involving frontal outflow tract after craniotomy were treated from 2008 to 2012. Debridement and cranialization involving the elimination of the frontal outflow tract was performed. Unilateral sinus cranialization combined with reduction of the non-affected contralateral sinus was carried out for the patients with unilateral sinusitis. A pericranial-frontalis muscle flap was used to separate the intracranial and extracranial spaces. Secondary cranioplasty with hydroxyapatite was performed approximately 3 months after the cranialization. The patients’ original conditions included brain tumors (n = 3), frontal sinus fractures (n = 2), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 3). The mean interval between the initial treatment and the onset of sinus infection was 23 years. The frontal sinus infection was bilateral in six cases and unilateral in two cases. Frontal sinus outflow tract was involved in sinus infection in every case. None of the patients suffered recurrent rhinogenic infections within the follow-up period (mean = 35 months) after the secondary cranioplasty. Aesthetic results were satisfactory in every case. Modified cranialization involving elimination of the frontal outflow tract is an alternative method for the patients with pathology in the frontal outflow tract after frontal craniotomy. Secondary cranioplasty provides an esthetically pleasing appearance in such cases.     

比较早/晚期行钛网数字化颅骨缺损成形术的疗效和预后

目的 分析比较颅骨大骨瓣缺损早/晚期行钛网数字化成形修补术的有效性、安全性及对预后的影响.方法 选取2012年1月至2013年12月颅脑创伤或行脑出血行去大骨瓣减压术112例,76例在去大骨瓣减压术后38.9(32～52)d行钛网数字化成形修补术(早期修补组);36例在去大骨瓣减压术后114.2(90～153)d进行修补(晚期修补组).分析比较2组手术耗时、皮瓣游离时间、手术失血量、并发症,以及术后患者的日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分、Fugl-Meyery评分、神经功能缺损评分、认知功能恢复.结果 早期修补组与晚期修补组的手术时间分别为(92.33±13.71) min与(141.67±18.12)min;皮瓣游离时间为(13.29±3.43) min与(38.56±7.35) min;手术出血量分别为(352.36±21.83) ml与(523.53±32.51)ml,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).早期修补组的硬膜下积液率及皮瓣游离过程中硬膜破裂率明显少于晚期修补组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).早期修补组ADL及Fugl-Meyery评分均较晚期修补组明显提高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);而神经功能缺损评分明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).蒙特利尔认知评估量表提示早期修补组认知功能恢复明显优于晚期修补组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 颅骨大骨瓣缺损早期行钛网数字化成形修补术优于晚期,早期颅骨修补利于软组织分离,减少出血,改善预后.钛网数字化成形技术可确保修复钛网与颅骨缺损部位精确合体,显著缩短手术时间,减少手术风险;钛网数字化成形早期颅骨修补术值得临床推广.     

同期钛金属网修补和分流术在颅脑损伤后颅骨缺损并脑积水中的应用

目的：总结颅骨缺损合并脑积水的同期行分流与颅骨修补术治疗的临床经验。方法回顾性分析39例同期行脑室腹腔分流及颅骨修补手术的颅脑损伤病例,对其临床资料、并发症及其预后进行总结。结果术后无颅内感染,术后82．1％患者意识及神经功能障碍不同程度改善。结论颅脑损伤术后颅骨缺损、脑积水、脑膨出严重影响患者预后,同期行脑室腹腔分流及颅骨修补手术并发症少,可明显改善患者意识及神经功能障碍,改善患者预后,值得推广。