脱细胞基质面神经修复材料的制备

目的 制备具有天然神经组织结构的支架,构建组织工程化面神经用于修复面神经损伤。方法 取家兔面神经,改良化学萃取法制备脱细胞神经基质,HE染色形态学观察去细胞及脱髓鞘情况,荧光分光光度计测定支架内细胞经Quant-iT PicoGreen工作液染色后的DNA含量。MTT法检测细胞在支架上的相对生长率从而检测支架的细胞毒性。结果 支架移植体呈圆柱形,弹性与正常神经基本一致,组织观察显示细胞结构未见残余完整细胞及细胞碎片残留,未见神经髓鞘及轴突结构,细胞外基质形成纵向排列结构,结构之间可见空隙。兔脱细胞面神经基质支架内残留的DNA含量较正常兔面神经明显下降(P<0.01)。神经基质供体无细胞毒性。结论 改良化学萃取法可有效去除面神经细胞,天然结构保存完好,细胞毒性低,可作为组织工程化面神经的支架。     

异体甘油保存皮与自体微粒皮复合移植的临床应用

目的：寻找深度大面积\烧伤的早期治疗方法。方法:大面积深度烧伤于4－5天即行切痂，以异体甘油皮为支架，将有限的自体皮制作成微粒皮后均匀地复合植于创面。结果：对5例共12个肢体2个躯干进行早期切痂后异体甘油皮＋自体微粒皮的复合移植，成活后的创面平堤，外观平整，颜色淡红或近拟正常皮肤，触饮，收缩少，结论：异体甘油保存皮＋自体微粒皮复合移植是大面积深度烧伤较理想的治疗方法。     

复合人工骨修复犬股骨头缺损坏死中再血管化与钙含量的关系

[目的]观察骨形成蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibro-blast growth factor,bFGF)与异体脱抗原松质骨(allogeneic antigen-extracted cancellous bone,AACB)复合后修复股骨头坏死(femoral head necrosis,FHN)病灶清除区缺损,评价bFGF对FHN的再血管化作用及其与钙含量的关系。[方法]取18只杂种犬共36侧股骨头,建立液氮冷冻诱导性犬股骨头缺损坏死模型,随机分为A、B、C3组,每组12侧。A组为空白对照,B组植入AACB/BMP,C组植入AACB/BMP/bFGF。每个股骨头内植入AACB约0.33g,BMP约12.5mg,bFGF约2000U。术后3、6和12周分批处死动物,每组每次处死2只。行组织学观察,免疫组织化学染色,进行血管计数和血管面积图像分析、钙含量测定、并分析再血管化作用与钙含量间的关系。[结果]组织学观察,12周时A组以纤维结缔组织为主,B组多量新生骨组织形成,密度不均,C组股骨头骨缺损完全修复。血管计数和血管面积,C组术后3周移植物孔隙内大量血管增生,6和12周时血管数量和血管面积进一步增加,各时间点都大于A、B组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。钙含量,C组术后3周钙含量小于B组,12周时大于B组(P<0.05)。再血管化作用与钙含量的关系,C组与B组比较,术后3周时再血管化与钙含量呈负相关,12周时呈正相关。[结论]AACB是生长因子的良好吸附载体,适宜新生血管长入。吸附有bFGF及BMP的AACB具有较强的再血管化能力,bFGF促进植骨材料吸收,加速新骨形成。这一疗法有望成为FHN治疗的一种手段。     

Posaconazole salvage therapy allows successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory invasive mold infections

We describe the clinical courses of 3 patients with hematologic malignancies (2 with acute myelogenous leukemia and 1 with multiple myeloma) who developed invasive fungal infections due to uncommon molds (Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Zygomycetes). Breakthrough invasive fungal infections of the sinus (n=1), lung (n=3), and pericardium (n=1) developed despite fluconazole prophylaxis and failed to respond to treatment with other licensed antifungal therapies, including amphotericin B (n=3), caspofungin (n=2), and voriconazole (n=3), and surgical intervention (n=2). Salvage therapy with posaconazole oral suspension resulted in successful outcomes in all 3 patients, who subsequently underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) while on continued posaconazole therapy. The median duration of posaconazole treatment before HSCT was 5 months (range: 1.5-6 months). Posaconazole salvage therapy allowed successful allogeneic HSCT in 3 patients with refractory invasive mold infections.     

Outcome of a multicenter treatment program including autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for de novo acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract: The results of an intensive treatment program for patients 16–60 yr of age with de novo acute myeloid leukemia are presented. The patients were given conventional induction treatment with daunorubicin and cytarabine. Patients not entering complete remission (CR) after 1 course of daunorubicin/cytarabine were given 1 course of amsacrine/etoposide/cytarabine. Those entering complete remission received 3 consolidation courses using mitoxantrone, etoposide, amsacrine and cytarabine. One hundred and eighteen patients were enrolled. Complete remission was attained after 1–2 courses in 90 patients (76%). Another 6 patients reached CR after 3–4 induction courses for a total CR rate of 81%. If feasible, patients were offered either allogeneic or unpurged autologous bone marrow transplantation. Twenty-four patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation; 15 in first remission, 8 in second remission, 1 in early relapse. Thirty patients below 56 yr of age underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation in first remission. The overall probability of survival at 4 yr was 34%, and for patients below 40 yr of age 50%. Leukemia-free survival was 35% for the whole cohort of patients; 52% for patients below 40 yr of age. Patients undergoing allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation in first remission had an overall survival of 86% and 47%, respectively, while the probability of leukemia-free survival in these groups was 87% vs. 40% at 4 yr. The CR rate and long-term results of this intensive treatment program compare favorably with other recent studies using intensive consolidation with allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation or high dose cytarabine.     

非T细胞去除HLA单倍体匹配造血干细胞移植治疗白血病

目的：探讨相关HLA单倍体匹配造血千细胞移植治疗白血病的疗效及移植相关并发症。方法：4例白血病患者接受单倍体相合未去T细胞造血干细胞移植，3例为HLA-A、B、DR3个位点不合亲缘骨髓移植，1例为HLA-DR位点不合外周血造血干细胞移植，3例移植时处于完全缓解(CR)期，1例处于慢性粒细胞白细病(CML)急变期，预处理采用阿糖胞苷 环磷酰胺(CTX) 全身照射(TBI)，Graft versus host disease(GVHD)预防联合使用环孢菌素A(CsA)、甲氨喋呤(MTX)、兔抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)、抗CD25单抗、霉酚酸酯(MMF)。结果：4例均获得造血重建，植入直接证据检测证实完全供者造血，3例无aGVHD，1例发生Ⅱ度肠道aGVHD，1例移植后3个月复发，2例在行供者淋巴细胞输注治疗后均并发了Ⅲ度肠道和Ⅱ度肝脏aGVHD．免疫重建延迟。至今，3例存活( 70天- 19个月)，均为持续完全缓解(CCR)，1例 11个月因感染死亡。讨论：未去T细胞单倍体相合HSCT造血重建稳定，移植相关并发症较少，重症GVHD发生率可能低。     

Self-limited autoimmune disease related to transient donor B cell activation in mice neonatally injected with semi-allogeneic F1 cells.

BALB/c mice injected at birth with 10(8) semi-allogeneic (C57BL/6 x BALB.IgHb)F1 spleen cells develop a lupus-like syndrome in which autoantibodies bear exclusively the donor allotype. We have analyzed the evolution of donor B cell chimerism and the autoimmune manifestations during the first year of life in these mice. Anti-DNA, -histone, and -cardiolipin IgG antibodies as well as circulating immune complexes appeared in the second week of life, reached the highest values around the sixth week, and then progressively dropped to normal values after the sixth month in most mice. The kinetics of the evolution of the autoimmune manifestations, as well as the kinetics of serum donor Ig allotype, were parallel to the kinetics of donor B cell chimerism, which was particularly prominent in the spleens in early weeks of life, and progressively decreased after remission of the autoimmune syndrome. Membrane-proliferative glomerulonephritis, which was followed as the more representative histological abnormality in this model, was particularly evident after 10 weeks of life, but disappeared by the end of the follow-up. Interestingly, when mice with a self-limited disease were re-injected with 10(8) F1 spleen cells i.v., a flare in the serological manifestations was observed. In these re-injected mice a predominance of anti-DNA, IgG1 antibodies bearing exclusively the donor allotype was also observed, as in the early weeks of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Use of 2,4-dinitrophenol for immunosuppressive action on the recipient during implantation of fetal organs in mice

Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow. (Presented by Academician T. T. Berezov, Academy of medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 355–358, April, 1992.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后肺部并发症的发生和危险因素分析

目的探讨治疗恶性血液病异基因造血干细胞移植（allo—HSCT）后肺部并发症与相关危险因素的关系。方法回顾性分析1991年8月至2004年6月157例allo—HSCT患者的临床资料。结果71例患者发生87例次肺部并发症，其中15例患者发生2次以上肺部并发症，总发生率为45.2％。直接死于肺部并发症者37例（23．6％），发生中位时间103d（1～886d）。其中细菌性肺炎32例，间质性肺炎8例，肺真菌病3例，肺水肿3例，肺结核2例，肺栓塞1例，2种或2种以上病原所致的肺部并发症38例次。单因素分析显示：患者年龄、疾病状态、供受者关系、HLA配型相合程度及广泛型慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）是影响移植后肺部并发症的危险因素。多因素分析显示：疾病状态和广泛型cGVHD与肺部并发症的发生显著相关（P＜0．01）。结论肺部并发症是allo—HSCT后常见的并发症之一。患者移植时疾病状态和广泛型cGVHD是与allo—HSCT后肺部并发症发生相关的危险因素。