Assessment of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity properties of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv (Annonaceae) and Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) in mice

The toxicity profile of medicinal plants is an important preclinical requirement in the development of phytomedicines. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the leaf of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv (Annonaceae) and stem bark of Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) were investigated in order to provide information on their safety as antimalarial plants. The methanol extract of U. chamae and ethanol (70%) extract of M. lucida were separately orally administered (125, 250, and 750?mg/kg/day) to mice for 10 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide (50?mg/kg, single dose) and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The mice were injected with colchicine (0.04%) intra-peritoneally 24?h after the last administration of the extracts and the bone marrows harvested. Giemsa-stained slides of bone marrow cells were microscopically assessed for dividing cells to determine the mitotic index (MI) and scored for chromosomal aberrations (CA) according to standard methods. chamae exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity. At 750?mg/kg, the MI was significantly (p?M. lucida was not significantly different (p?>?0.05) from that of the negative control. The total CA observed from treatment with both plants at all doses were significantly (p?U. chamae showed both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity while M. lucida exerted only genotoxic effect. Nevertheless, the two plants should be used with caution in antimalarial therapy.     

山椒子主要化学成分的研究

目的：了解山椒子的化学成分。方法：分离纯化采用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ２０凝胶过滤及硅胶柱色谱方法,结构鉴定采用ＨＮＭＲ,^１３ＣＮＭＲ分析及与文献有关数据比较。结果：从山椒子树皮中鉴定出２个三萜类化合物,ｓｕｂｅｒｏｓｏｌ和ｌｕｐｅｏｌ。结论：为首次从该属植物中分得。     

大花紫玉盘中的新抗肿瘤活性番荔枝内酯及其绝对构型研究

从番荔枝科紫玉盘属植物大花紫玉盘(Uvaria grandiflora Roxb.)根茎中分得两种新的抗肿瘤活性番荔枝内酯(1和3),用X-ray衍射分析和Mosher方法对1的绝对构型进行了研究,全部6个手性碳的构型分别是15S,17R,18R,21R,22R,36S。命名为大花紫玉盘素(uvarigrin)。用Mosher方法对3的绝对构型也进行了测定,命名为大花紫玉盘素A(uvarigrandin A)。对以前得到的大花紫玉盘脂素(uvarigranin,2)的相对构型进行了修正。     

大花紫玉盘中新多氧取代环己烯类的结构鉴定

从番荔枝科紫玉盘属植物大花紫玉盘( Uvaria grandiflora Roxb.)根茎中分得4种新的多氧取代环己烯及已知化合物zeylenol,应用波谱分析、X-射线衍射、园二色谱和 Mosher 酯制备等手段确定了全部新化合物的结构及其绝对构型,分别命名为大花紫玉盘醇A(1),B(2),E(3)和F(4)。     

Protective effects of Sesbania grandiflora on kidney during alcohol and polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced oxidative stress

Context: Kidney is an organ highly vulnerable to damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the composition of renal lipids. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of alcohol-induced tissue injury. This leads to membrane damage by lipid peroxidation, alteration of enzyme function and formation of acetaldehyde protein adducts. Many alcoholics along with alcohol consume fried foods that are normally made up of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The toxic effects of alcohol are further enhanced by the consumption of PUFA.

Objective: In our study, we analyzed the effect of Sesbania grandiflora (S. grandiflora) on alcohol and PUFA-induced oxidative stress in male albino Wistar rats.

Materials and methods: The levels of lipid peroxidative markers (thiobarbutric acid reactive substances [TBARS] and lipid hydroperoxides [HP]), the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C) antioxidants were analyzed in kidney to evaluate the effects of S. grandiflora.

Results: The levels of TBARS and HP were significantly increased in alcohol + ΔPUFA group, which were found to be reduced on treatment with S. grandiflora. The levels of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were decreased in alcohol + ΔPUFA group, which were found to be restored on treatment with S. grandiflora.

Conclusion: From this, we conclude that S. grandiflora protects the kidney against alcohol and PUFA-induced oxidative stress, which can be attributed to the phenolic compounds and anthocyanins present in the plant.     

Antihepatotoxic and Trypanocidal Effects of the Root Bark Extract of Uvaria chamae

Antihepatotoxic and trypanocidal activities of a root bark extract derived from Uvaria chamae were tested in vivo and in vitro. The plant material was defatted with n -hexane and extracted with 70% ethanol. The ethanol extract was recovered in a 6.13% w/w yield. The LD 50 of the ethanol extract in mice at 24 hr was 166 mg/kg (i.p.). Intraperitoneal injection of the ethanol extract into mice showed no significant effect on pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis. Pentobarbitone-induced sleep in CCl 4 -poisoned rats was significantly reduced (p<0.005) by oral administration of the extract (60 mg/kg). The elevation of serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase and urea induced by CCl 4 intoxication in rats was also significantly reduced (p<0.005) by the ethanol extract. Uvaria chamae ethanol extract showed a significant (p<0.005) trypanocidal effect which was comparable to that of diminazine aceturate (r= 0.89). Reduction of existing parasitaemia in mice experimentally infected with Trypanasoma brucei brucei was dose-dependent.     

A new cerebroside from Uvaria tonkinensis var. subglabra

A new cerebroside, subglain A (1), together with five known compounds (2–6) have been isolated from the stems of Uvaria tonkinensis var. subglabra. The structure of 1 has been determined to be 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8Z,2′R)-2-[N-(2′-hydroxytetracosanyl)-N-(1″,2″-dihydroxyethyl)-amide]-8-tetradecene-1,3,4-triol by spectroscopic evidence. The known compounds were identified as schisandriside (2), erythritol (3), β-D-glucopyranose (4), kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside (5), and (+)-lyoniresinol (6).     

Two new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes from Uvaria kweichowensis

Two new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes, kweichowenols C and D, were isolated from the leaves of Uvaria kweichowensis, and their structures were established on the basis of their spectral data. The two new compounds showed some antitumor activity by the MTT assay.     

Four new compounds from the roots of Uvaria macrophylla

Four new compounds, uvamalols A–C (1–3) and uvarimacrophin A (4), have been isolated from the roots of Uvaria macrophylla. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The relative configurations of uvamalols A–C have been established by NOE experiments, and the relative stereochemistry of uvarimacrophin A inferred from the diagnostic NMR data by comparison with known model compounds.     

栀子及其混淆品水栀子的蛋白高效毛细管电泳法鉴别

目的探求更便捷、精准的栀子及其伪品水栀子的鉴定方法。方法采用高效毛细管电泳法(HPCE)对栀子及其伪品水栀子蛋白多肽进行分析。结果栀子及其伪品水栀子蛋白多肽高效毛细管电泳图谱有明显的差异,重复性良好。结论高效毛细管电泳可作为栀子及其伪品水栀子的鉴定方法。