Metastatic stage vs complications at radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy

BackgroundTo investigate perioperative complication rates at radical nephrectomy (RN) according to inferior vena cava thrombectomy (IVC-T) status and stage (metastatic vs non-metastatic) within kidney cancer patients.Materials and methodsWe ascertained perioperative complication rates within the National Inpatient Sample database (2016–2019). First, log-link linear Generalized Estimating Equation function (GEE) regression models (adjusted for hospital clustering and weighted for discharge disposition) tested complication rates in IVC-T patients, according to metastatic stage. Subsequently, a subgroup analysis relied on RN patients with or without IVC-T. Here, multivariable logistic regression models tested complication rates in RN patients according to IVC-T status, after propensity score matching including metastatic stage.ResultsOf 26,299 RN patients, 461 (2%) patients underwent IVC-T. Of those, 252 (55%) were non-metastatic vs 209 (45%) were metastatic. Rates of acute kidney injury (AKI), transfusion, cardiac, thromboembolic and other medical complications in non-metastatic vs metastatic patients were 40 vs 40%, 25 vs 22%, 21 vs 23%, 19 vs 14% and 38 vs 40%, respectively (all p ≥ 0.2). Metastatic stage in IVC-T patients did not predict differences in complications in log-link linear GEE regression models (all p > 0.1). However, in logistic regression models with propensity score matching, relying on the overall cohort of RN patients, IVC-T status was associated with higher complication rates (all p < 0.001): AKI (Odds ratio [OR]:2.60; 95%-CI [95%-Confidence interval: 1.97–3.44), transfusions (OR:2.40; 95%-CI: 1.72–3.36), cardiac (OR:2.27; 95%-CI: 1.49–3.47), thromboembolic (OR:9.07; 95%-CI: 5.21–16.58) and other medical complications (OR:2.01; 95%-CI: 1.52–2.66).ConclusionsThe current analyses indicate that presence of concomitant IVC-T is associated with higher complication rate at RN. Conversely, metastatic stage has no effect on recorded complication rates.     

微创治疗方法在输尿管上段结石中应用进展

输尿管上段结石为临床中常见泌尿系结石类型之一,如不能及时诊治,可引起重度积水、泌尿系感染,甚至脓毒血症,对患者肾功能、健康造成严重影响。随着微创治疗技术在泌尿系结石中应用,微创治疗方法能降低对患者造成治疗性创伤,降低相关并发症发生率,促进患者康复,了解临床中微创治疗输尿管上段结石方法,对临床中合理治疗输尿管上段结石有重要价值。     

神经源性声带运动障碍与喉神经电生理

声带运动障碍的病因和临床表现复杂多变，涉及多学科，从病因上分为神经源性和非神经源性。对于神经源性声带运动障碍的诊治，首先通过喉镜等检查明确有无声带运动障碍及严重程度，值得注意的是声带纵向张力变化障碍也属于运动障碍的范畴；然后采用喉肌电图（LEMG）检查进行定性分析，在确诊神经源性损伤后，进一步对神经损伤部位进行定位诊断并查找导致神经损伤的病因；同时根据喉部神经电生理评估结果，判断预后。最后综合上述的评估结果制定相应的治疗策略。     

BCAN基因在肾透明细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的以基因表达数据集资料为研究对象,分析BCAN基因在肾透明细胞癌中的表达情况以及对患者预后的影响。方法在Oncomine数据库中挖掘BCAN在肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)中的表达情况。从TCGA数据库中获取ccRCC患者临床资料和目的基因的表达信息并进行统计分析。利用GEO数据库中GSE73731数据集的ccRCC样本进行基因富集分析。利用String数据库分析与BCAN相关的蛋白。结果BCAN低表达组的ccRCC患者在病理分期及T分期方面低于高表达组(P<0.001;P=0.001);N分期及M分期差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BCAN低表达组患者的总生存期优于高表达组(P=0.033)。BCAN基因高表达组的样本主要富集在KRAS信号通路。结论BCAN可以通过多种途径来促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭能力,有望成为ccRCC不良预后的重要生物标志物之一。     

血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白联合检测在人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者肾功能损伤检测中的应用价值

目的评估血肌酐和尿常规的常规检测基础上联合血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白检测在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者肾功能损伤检测中的应用价值。 方法以2019年2～5月于首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院感染一科住院的169例HIV感染者为研究对象，完善其尿常规、尿微量白蛋白、血肌酐、血清胱抑素C检测；分析尿蛋白及尿微量白蛋白的阳性检出率及其差异，血肌酐升高及血清胱抑素C升高的比例及其差异。计算应用替诺福韦酯（TDF）及合并丙型肝炎、高血压、糖尿病、肿瘤的肾功能损伤的相对危险度。 结果169例HIV感染者中尿常规示尿蛋白阳性者5例（3.0%），尿微量白蛋白升高者17例（10.1%），两者阳性检出率差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 5.9、P = 0.007）。血肌酐升高者10例（5.9%），血清胱抑素C升高者20例（11.8%），两者阳性检出率差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 3.0、P = 0.042）。在尿常规和血肌酐检测的基础上联合检测尿微量白蛋白和血清胱抑素C的总体阳性检出率为49例（30.0%）。CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数< 200个/μl与≥ 200个/μl组患者血清胱抑素C水平分别为0.94（0.83，1.05）mg/L、0.85（0.77，0.95）mg/L，差异具有统计学意义（Z =-3.02、P = 0.003）。应用TDF及合并丙型肝炎、高血压、糖尿病、肿瘤的肾功能损伤的相对危险度分别为1.1、1.5、1.9、2.2和1.4。 结论HIV感染者中，单纯以尿常规为依据评估有无蛋白尿，以血肌酐水平为依据评估肾小球滤过功能会低估肾功能损伤的患病率。在常规检测血肌酐和尿常规的基础上联合检测血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白在提高HIV感染者肾功能损伤检出率方面具有重要的应用价值。低CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数、应用TDF及合并丙型肝炎、高血压、糖尿病、肿瘤均为肾功能损伤的危险因素。     

Importance of serum phosphate in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Metabolic disturbances including changes in serum calcium,magnesium or phosphate(P) influence the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).We assessed the importance of serum P in elderly patients with type 2 DM vs nondiabetes mellitus(non-DM) in relation to renal function.AIM To determine the association between serum P and serum glucose or insulin resistance in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.METHODS One hundred-ten subjects with a mean age of 69.02±14.3 years were enrolled.Twenty-nine of the participants had type 2 DM(26.4%).The incidence of hypertension,smoking and receiving vitamin D(vitD) derivates were recorded.The participants were classified by both estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and albuminuria categories according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes 2012 criteria.RESULTS We divided the patients in two groups according to the P cut-off point related to DM value.A comparison between high and low P showed that body mass index30.2±6.3 vs 28.1±4.6(P=0.04),mean glucose 63.6 vs 50.2(P=0.03),uric acid 6.7±1.6 vs 6.09±1.7(P=0.05),mean intact-parathyroid hormone 68.06 vs 47.4(P=0.001),systolic blood pressure 147.4±16.7 vs 140..2±16.1(P=0.02),mean albuminuria 63.2 vs 50.6(P=0.04) and eGFR 45.6±22.1 vs 55.4±21.5(P=0.02)were significantly different.χ~2 tests showed a significant association between high P and DM,hypertension,receiving vitD,smoking and eGFR stage(χ~2=6.3,P=0.01,χ~2=3.9,P=0.03,χ~2=6.9,P=0.009,χ~2=7.04,P=0.01 and χ~2=7.36,P=0.04,respectively).The adjusted model showed that older age,female gender and increased body mass index were significant predictors of type 2 DM when entering the covariates.CONCLUSION High serum P contributes to vascular and metabolic disturbances in elderly patients with type 2 DM and renal impairment.     

尿石症与骨质疏松相关性的研究进展

尿路结石与骨质疏松均存在钙代谢异常,且发病率高,对生活质量造成严重影响,研究表明两者之间存在一定相关性。高钙尿症通过骨吸收增加等,或为两者发病机制间的关键桥梁。对遗传因素的研究中也发现了许多与两者有关的基因,主要为腺苷酸环化酶10基因、1,25-(OH)2D3-24羟化酶基因、钙敏受体与紧密连接蛋白14基因。但对上述一些基因变异与尿石症和骨质疏松的研究尚存在不同结论,且其具体机制仍待进一步研究。雌激素缺乏通过骨丢失、减少瞬时感受器电位阳离子通道V5表达,造成高钙尿、低骨量,导致尿石症及骨质疏松。高蛋白、高钠、低钙等饮食因素也能影响两者的形成,笔者综述两者之间相关性的研究进展。     

胎龄<28周早产儿动脉导管未闭的治疗进展

动脉导管未闭(PDA)是早产儿常见疾病,目前早产儿PDA的自然发展过程仍未完全明确,PDA发生的有些高危因素仍存在争议,对PDA是否进行药物、手术干预,以及何时进行药物、手术干预仍存在争议。尽管已经有相当多的证据证实动脉导管持续开放可能有害,但目前尚缺乏关闭导管治疗方案的远期益处或害处的相关证据。大多数临床试验旨在评估短期导管开放对患儿的影响。目前尚无评估动脉导管持续开放对早产儿死亡率及并发症影响的临床试验。近年来PDA治疗上最大的变化是减少对PDA的治疗。该文重点总结胎龄28周早产儿PDA的治疗策略。