学龄期儿童前房深度发育状况分析

目的了解7~14岁学龄期儿童前房深度发育情况。探索其与屈光度数间的关系。方法收集2012年6月至2014年6月眼科门诊7~14岁儿童为研究对象，共计521例（1042只眼）。采用IOLMaster人工晶状体生物测量仪测量各屈光参数，同时测量身高、体重。散瞳后验光测得静态屈光度。分析前房深度发育情况及不同屈光状态的学龄期儿童前房深度发育情况。结果（1）随着年龄的增长，7~14岁学龄期的儿童前房深度随之增长，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。同一年龄段儿童的左右眼之间的均值相近，且生长发育趋势相近（均P＞0.05）。（2）随着年龄的增长，男女的前房深度均逐渐增大，同一年龄段男性前房深度大于女性前房深度（均P＜0.01）。（3）儿童前房深度与身高正相关（P＜0.01）。（4）前房深度随近视度数增高而增大，低度近视组与中度近视组及高度近视组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论学龄期儿童的前房深度的发育受到身高、性别及屈光度数的影响，与身高呈正相关，同一年龄段，男性前房深度大于女性。双眼前房深度发育同步。低中度近视的儿童前房深度增大。     

不同针刺深度对前列腺增生症大鼠重量指数的影响及形态学观察

目的与方法 采用深刺和浅刺对丙酸睾酮所致前列增生症（BPH）大鼠模型进行干预，研究其作用殊同。结果 针刺组前列腺，膀胱指数明显小于模型组；形态学观察，针刺组较模型组增生明显减轻，腺上皮呈单层柱状，腺体数目明显减少，间质充血，钙化明显减轻，结缔组织无增生，腺腔内分泌物减少。深刺组好于浅刺组。结论 深刺对实验性BPH大鼠的干预作用好于浅刺方法。     

咪达唑仑和丙泊酚镇静用于结肠镜检查的比较(前瞻性随机对照研究)

目的借助脑电双频指数（bispectral index，BIS）监测，随机前瞻性比较咪达唑仑和丙泊酚用于结肠镜检查的镇静深度、镇静效果和安全性。方法接受无痛结肠镜检查患者60例，用随机数字表分为3组，每组20例：Ⅰ组，咪达唑仑首次剂量0．06mg／kg；Ⅱ组，丙泊酚首次剂量1．0mg／kg；Ⅲ组，丙泊酚首次剂量1．5mg／kg。于丙泊酚给药后1min、眯达唑仑给药后2min进镜。病人出现不良反应且影响操作时追加丙泊酚20～30mg。监测血压、心率、血氧饱和度值（SpO，）、BIS值，以BIS值反映镇静深度。结果进镜时镇静深度由浅到深依次为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（F=25．40，P=0．000），检查中的BIS最低值无统计学差异。进镜时三组患者均无不良反应，丙泊酚追加剂量Ⅰ组明显少于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组，清醒时间Ⅰ组明显长于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。Ⅰ组有1例心率〈60次／min，Ⅲ组有1例血压〈90／60inmHg，均为一过性，三组SpO2均大于90％。结论咪达唑仑0．06mg／kg和丙泊酚1．0mg／kg作为首次剂量用于结肠镜检查，检查中适时追加丙泊酚镇静深度，镇静效果满意且安全。     

麻醉深度监测技术及其临床应用

麻醉深度监测对提高麻醉质量，保障病人的围术期安全与康复具有极为重要的意义，适当的麻醉深度是保证病人生命安全、创造良好手术条件的关键因素之一。术中监测麻醉深度能提高麻醉质量和手术安全性，减少麻醉并发症。现对临床常用的麻醉深度监测技术及其临床应用情况作一综述。     

Auditory evoked potential index: a quantitative measure of changes in auditory evoked potentials during general anaesthesia

We describe a novel index derived from the auditory evoked potential, the auditory evoked potential index, and we compare it with latencies and amplitudes related to clinical signs of consciousness and unconsciousness. Eleven patients, scheduled for total knee replacement under spinal anaesthesia, completed the study. The initial mean (SD) value of the auditory evoked potential index was 72.5 (11.2). During the first period of unconsciousness it decreased to 39.6 (6.9) and returned to 66.8 (12.5) when patients regained consciousness. Thereafter, similar values were obtained whenever patients lost and regained consciousness. Latencies and amplitudes changed in a similar fashion. From all parameters studied, Na latencies had the greatest overlap between successive awake and asleep states. The auditory evoked potential index and Nb latencies had no overlap. The consistent changes demonstrated suggest that the auditory evoked potential index could be used as a reliable indicator of potential awareness during propofol anaesthesia instead of latencies and amplitudes.     

放疗中呼吸引起的组织深度波动对吸收剂量的影响

目的研究放疗中呼吸引起的组织深度波动对吸收剂量的影响。方法在不同能量、组织深度波动幅度、呼吸频率及平均测量深度时，分别用研制的能模拟组织深度波动的辐射剂量测量水箱进行测量，以获得“组织深度波动因子”（Fdw）进行比较。结果组织深度波动确实对实际吸收剂量有影响，而且组织深度波动幅度、呼吸频率及射线能量越大，Fdw值越小，即对吸收剂量的影响越大，而Fdw与平均测量深度无关。结论放疗中必须根据患者的呼吸频率、所用射线类型及呼吸引起的组织深度波动幅度用Fdw对肿瘤或组织的实际吸收剂量进行修正，以提高疗效。     

Response of lower esophageal contractility to changing concentrations of halothane or isoflurane: A multicenter study

A multiple-center study was performed to determine the relationship between lower esophageal contractility, clinical signs, and anesthetic concentration as expressed by minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). One hundred four American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I through III patients were exposed to isoflurane (with and without nitrous oxide) or halothane in concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MAC. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were continuously monitored. Both the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous and provoked lower esophageal contractions were measured in situ by using a 24-F probe equipped with provoking and measuring balloons. Combined results demonstrated statistically significant correlations (P<0.001) between lower esophageal contractility and MAC. Spontaneous lower esophageal contractions decreased from 1.10±0.12 (SEM) contractions per minute (0.5 MAC) to 0.42±0.05 (1 MAC) to 0.18±0.05 (1.5 MAC). Provoked lower esophageal contractility values decreased from 45±4 mm Hg (0.5 MAC) to 29±3 (1 MAC) to 19±2 (1.5 MAC). Heart rate changes did not correlate with MAC, and systolic blood pressure correlated in only one of three centers. Intracenter and intercenter analyses failed to demonstrate a significant relationship between lower esophageal contractility and heart rate or systolic blood pressure. No intracenter differences in either amplitude or frequency of lower esophageal contractions were observed, despite differences in volatile agents, induction techniques and agents, patient populations, and duration of anesthesia. Our studies indicate that lower esophageal contractility may be an indicator of anesthetic depth as reflected by MAC, but further studies are needed to quantify the effects of surgical stimulus, intravenous anesthetics, vasodilators, anticholinergics, calcium channel blockers, beta-adrenergic agonists, and the presence of a nasogastric tube.     

髁突形态与覆深度关系的研究

目的　探讨髁突形态与不同覆深度的关系。方法　选择正常者、开畸形患者、覆正常的错畸形患者和深覆畸形患者各 5 0人 ,均为 18至 2 6岁成人。应用曲面断层片研究左右两侧的髁突形态 ,分别测量并计算上部髁突高度 /升支高度比 (UCH/RH)和髁突高度 /宽度比 (TCH/CW )。将髁突形态分为四种类型 :直立型 (类A) ,前倾型 (类B) ,后倾型 (类C)和尖型 (类D)。结果　开组的上部髁突高度相对升支高度明显小于其他各组 (P <0 0 0 1)。正常组的髁突形态比较粗壮 ,高度宽度比明显小于其他各组 (P <0 0 0 1)。类A和类B属于正常髁突形态 ,占正常组的 99%。类C和类D属于异常髁突形态 ,且在开组中的比例明显高于正常覆组或深覆组。另外 ,只有开组中显示上部髁突高度两侧不对称 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　开组髁突形态与其他各组相比明显不同。