计算机辅助导航骨科手术及医用机器人技术在创伤骨科的应用

本文介绍了计算机辅助导航骨科手术(CAOS)及医用机器人技术在创伤骨科应用中的主要进展、当前在临床应用中存在的主要问题和相关对策,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了预测,同时简要介绍了北京积水潭医院创伤骨科在计算机辅助导航骨科手术及医用机器人技术方面的研究进展。当前骨科手术导航定位所应用的医学图象导引系统已经由使用单一的C型臂、CT等传统影像设备向应用三维C型臂、多模态图像处理系统等新型影像设备转变,基于多模态图像的导航系统将有可能成为导航手术的主流。医用机器人已经在自动化程度和人机交互模式方面,有了长足进展,摆脱了原有工业机器人的结构模式。医学图像后处理技术及其它相关信息技术极大地丰富了导航和机器人外科,只有在不断完善光学定位技术的同时,加大对其它定位方法的研究,才能够提高定位精度;要对相关设备进行开放式结构设计,使不同导航系统的注册软件能够互相兼容,手术器械能够通用,降低设备成本。骨科医生要正确认识计算机辅助导航骨科手术及医用机器人技术,在充分了解CAOS的技术特点、基本原理、操作程序的基础上,对要实施的手术具有深刻的理解,才能开展CAOS手术。目前,迫切需要建立CAOS技术标准、临床适应证和手术操作规范,进行CAOS产品之间的技术比较和评估,便于医生选择合适的CAOS产品。伴随快速发展的信息技术,数字化手术室、智能化微创导航手术系统、医用机器人辅助的远程医疗将有可能成为未来CAOS技术的主要组成部分。     

基于 C/S与B/S混合模式的重症肌无力管理系统的设计与研制

重症肌无力临床医生在就诊过程中收集了大量的临床资料,但是面对庞大而又杂乱的临床资料,人工对其进行管理、查询、统计分析等显然不可取,费时费力且更不用说从中“挖掘”出有用的信息以辅助诊断;此外,对于病人服药情况、疗效的随访等也难于开展,更不用说在医院各科室内部、Internet上共享临床资料。基于此,本文开发了以C/S和B/S混合模式的重症肌无力信息系统,以期为临床和科研做出一定的贡献。     

Immunologic events in pigeon breeders'' disease

The immunologic and physiologic status of a group of symptomatic and asymptomatic pigeon breeders was studied in an attempt to define the immunologic events occurring in pigeon breeders' disease. Antibody activity to antigen(s) present in pigeon dropping extract (PDE) and pigeon serum (PS) was detected in the serum of both symptomatic and asymptomatic breeders. Antibody activity, however, tended to be greater in the symptomatic pigeon breeders. When subjects were challenged with PS via aerosol, serum complement activity became depressed only in asymptomatic patients. Cellular hypersensitivity to antigens present in PDE was detected in vitro in peripheral lymphocyte populations of 4 of 5 symptomatic breeders and in none of the asymptomatic breeders; cellular hypersensitivity to antigens in PS was not demonstrated in any of the individuals tested. These findings indicate that cell-mediated hypersensitivity, as well as humoral immunologic processes, may be involved in the pathogenesis of the hypersensitivity pneumonitis found in pigeon breeders.     

Minimally invasive neurectomy for Morton’s neuroma with interdigital approach. Long term results

Background“Morton’s Neuroma” is a frequent cause of chronic forefoot pain. It can affect general population, including athletes, and can lead to progressive foot pain and discomfort for daily life activities and sports.Hypothesis/purposeOur objective is to evaluate the long-term results in a series of 85 feet, operatively treated with minimally invasive interdigital approach for neurectomy.Study designCase series.Method83 patients (85 feet) were treated between January 2003 and December 2019. The AOFAS score and VAS scale were used to evaluate the patients pre and postoperatively. Results were analyzed using the JASP software.ResultsMean age was 50.58 years (range 23–77). Eleven (11) were men, and seventy-four (74) women, with two bilateral cases. Mean follow up was 49 months. Our series was evaluated with AOFAS and VAS scores, both showing statistically significant improvement posterior to the operative procedure.ConclusionsA series of 85 feet operatively treated for Morton’s neuroma with minimally invasive interdigital approach for neurectomy is presented. Long term results were similar to other published series with different approaches, with the advantage of minimal incision, minimum soft tissue dissection and no need to release intermetatarsal ligament, immediate weightbearing and quick return to daily activities and sports. It is concluded that minimally invasive neurectomy with interdigital approach is a safe procedure for Morton’s neuroma treatment with similar results that other operative procedures.Level evidenceLevel IV.     

血清苗勒氏抑制物质值的测定与小儿泌尿生殖器畸形的关系

目的探讨小儿血清苗勒氏抑制物质(Mullerian Inhibiting Substance,MIS)水平变化与小儿泌尿生殖器畸形的关系.方法通过测定我院非泌尿生殖器疾病的2～14岁男、女病人,隐睾病人血清MIS、睾酮(Testosterone ,T)值了解⑴男、女体内MIS值的区别、变化规律;⑵MIS和T值的关系;⑶隐睾病人血清MIS值与非泌尿生殖器疾病病人血清MIS值的变化.结果⑴男性非泌尿系统疾病病人血清MIS值1岁后呈逐渐下降曲线,均值从(797.03±246.12)pmol/L至(81.74±38.40)pmol/L有统计学意义(P＜0.01).⑵睾酮在青春发育期前很低,至青春发育期开始升高(P＜0.01).并且用S-N-K法组间比较发现从13岁起T值有明显的上升(P＜0.05).⑶非泌尿系统男性病人血清睾酮和其MIS变化呈负相关,r= -0..314,P＜0.05.⑷1～14岁非泌尿系统女性病人血清MIS值最高52.87pmol/l,最低为0 pmol/L,平均16.38 pmol/L.各年龄段之间无明显差异(P>0.05).但性别对于MIS值有非常显著的影响(排除年龄影响因素)(P＜0.01).⑸隐睾病人的 MIS值与同龄儿相比较,1～11岁无明显差别(P>0.05),12～14岁有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 MIS由男性睾丸塞托利细胞及女性卵巢颗粒细胞分泌,T由睾丸来迪希细胞分泌.因此MIS、T值的水平可以间接反映睾丸塞托利细胞和来迪希细胞的发育情况.本实验结果1～14岁男孩血清MIS值呈逐渐下降趋势.MIS对出生后睾丸的发育起直接的调节作用.本实验发现隐睾病人青春发育前期血清MIS与同年龄的对照组相比,有统计学意义.1～14岁男、女性血清MIS值有明显的差异.女性体内血清MIS异常的增高应被怀疑体内有睾丸或颗粒细胞瘤的可能.男性体内MIS值过低应被怀疑生殖器发育不良或睾丸缺如及体内有卵巢存在等可能.因此通过测定血清MIS值可以了解双侧阴囊、腹股沟未触及睾丸病人及两性畸形病人体内是否有睾丸的存在.     

The percutaneous learning curve of 3rd generation minimally-invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy (MICA)

BackgroundMinimally-invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy (MICA) represents the third-generation percutaneous hallux valgus surgery which is characterized by an extra-articular osteotomy, stable internal fixation and a high potential for correction. Compared to other percutaneous techniques of the foot, MICA is generally regarded as an advanced and demanding surgical procedure with a flat learning curve. The aim of this study is to analyze a single-surgeons experience with his first 50 consecutive MICA procedures.MethodsBetween May 2018 and February 2021, 50 consecutive MICA procedures performed by the author with the "K-wires-First technique" were prospectively analyzed focusing on surgery duration, number of fluoroscopies, correction results and surgery-associated complications. A modification of the original MICA technique as described by its inaugurators Redfern and Vernois allows the use of a standard-sized C-arm and aims to reduce revison rates and conversion to open surgery by placing the guidewires prior to performing the osteotomy.ResultsThe average surgery time for all MICA procedures was 46.8 min (SD 12.1, range 31–90 min). The average amount of fluoro shots required to perform MICA was n = 126.6 (SD 40.8, range 65–231). Comparing the preoperative and 6-week postoperative radiographs, the IMA decreased after MICA by a mean of 10.8° from 16.2° to 5.4° and the HVA by a mean of 22.1° from 30.6° to 8.5°. One case required intraoperative conversion to open hallux correction. There were 4 feet in three patients with secondary screw removal of the Chevron fixation due to prominent proximal screw tips.ConclusionsAlthough the learning curve of 3rd generation MICA is flat and requires specific training and intensive practice, the rate of complications is not elevated compared to other percutaneous hallux valgus techniques. Strict adherence to the principles of 3rd generation MICA with stable fixation and meticulous intraoperative control of each surgical step helps to reduce surgery-associated complications. The learning curve showed a continous improvement in regard to surgery time and use of fluoroscopy. After 40 procedures, the surgery time consistently dropped under 45 min and required less than 100 fluoro-shots. The modified surgical technique may help reduce Chevron screw mal-positioning when using large C-arm fluoroscopy for this procedure.     

Serum müllerian-inhibiting substance in Down's syndrome pregnancies

BACKGROUND: To examine whether maternal serum levels of müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) differ in Down's syndrome and unaffected pregnancies. METHODS: Case-control study was conducted using stored serum from an antenatal screening programme. Sera from 25 Down's syndrome pregnancies were retrieved from -20 degrees C storage together with 125 unaffected controls individually matched for maternal age, weeks of gestation and duration of storage. Results were expressed in multiples of the gestation-specific median value (MoM) in controls. RESULTS: The median value in Down's syndrome pregnancies was 0.83 MoM (P = 0.77, two-tail Wilcoxon rank sum test). Among unaffected pregnancies, there was a statistically significant correlation between MIS and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (P < 0.05). MIS levels were elevated in pregnancies where assisted reproduction techniques had been used. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence for a substantial reduction in maternal serum MIS levels in Down's syndrome pregnancies. This study provides useful information regarding serum MIS levels in pregnancy.     

Percutaneous plantar fasciotomy: An anatomical study about its safety and efficacy

BackgroundPercutaneous plantar fasciotomy is one of the available options for recalcitrant cases of plantar fasciopathy, but there is a mismatch in the clinical results between different author’s experience, possibly due to variability when choosing the exact cutaneous entry point. The purpose of this study is to validate the plantar approach in the surgical treatment of plantar fasciopathy, describing a safe path and cutaneous entry point to perform a percutaneous plantar fasciotomy with a 2 mm incision testing the procedure on cadavers.Methodsa unicentric cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 12 cadaveric feet to verify the accuracy of the percutaneous fasciotomy entry point. Independent variables analysed were: extent of fasciotomy, entry point location, spur resection, and soft tissues injuries. A double evaluation was performed: an indirect evaluation under fluoroscopic vision, and a direct evaluation after anatomical dissection.ResultsNo cases of plantar cortical lesion on the calcaneus was observed. Satisfactory fasciotomy was performed in 91.7% of the cases. An optimal entry point was noticed in all cases with a mean distance to the tip of tibial malleolus of 22.5 mm (±6.9; 35.1?12.1) and a mean distance to foot midline of 7.8 mm (±1.7; 11.8?5.1). No neurological nor vascular lesions were found. In all the feet, a laceration of the plantar part of flexor digitorum brevis muscle was noted.Conclusionthe plantar approach for percutaneous total plantar fasciotomy is a safe procedure. The current study provides an intraoperative guideline for minimising the possible risks.